Riding the Wave: Reactive Vector-Borne Disease Policy Renders the United States Vulnerable to Outbreaks and Insecticide Resistance

Dye‐Braumuller, Kyndall C.; Gordon, Jennifer; McCoy, Kaci; Johnson, Danielle; Dinglasan, Rhoel R.; Nolan, Melissa S.

doi:10.1093/jme/tjab219

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Developing surveillance and monitoring plans for exotic and invasive species is challenging for a variety of reasons, but primary reasons we experienced included resource availability (time and people) and knowledge or training. This frustration is not new and was reported by others after the invasion and spread of West Nile virus, Zika virus, and tick-borne pathogens [ 36 ]. Here, our data provide useful details for creating such a plan and tailoring it to a variety of geographic settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Environmental variables serve as predictors of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann): An approach for targeted tick surveillance

Trout Fryxell,

Chavez-Lindell,

Butler

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Since the 2017 discovery of established populations of the Asian longhorned tick, (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) in the United States, populations continue to be detected in new areas. For this exotic and invasive species, capable of transmitting a diverse repertoire of pathogens and blood feeding on a variety of host species, there remains a lack of targeted information on how to best prepare for this tick and understand when and where it occurs. To fill this gap, we conducted two years of weekly tick surveillance at four farms in Tennessee (three H. longicornis-infested and one without) to identify environmental factors associated with each questing life stage, to investigate predictors of abundance, and to determine the likelihood of not collecting ticks at different life stages. A total of 46,770 ticks were collected, of which 12,607 H. longicornis and five other tick species were identified. Overall, abundance of H. longicornis were associated with spring and summer seasons, forested environments, relative humidity and barometric pressure, sunny conditions, and in relation with other tick species. The likelihood of not collecting H. longicornis was associated with day length and barometric pressure. Additional associations for different life stages were also identified and included other tick species, climatic variables, and environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrated that environmental variables can be useful to predict the presence of questing H. longicornis and provide ideas on how to use this information to develop a surveillance plan for different southeastern areas with and without infestations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Environmental variables serve as predictors of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann): An approach for targeted tick surveillance

Trout Fryxell,

Chavez-Lindell,

Butler

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Design of the systems should communicate to the public to expect a series of threats over time that exploit fundamentals of nature such as insect vectors, climate change, and increasing ecosystem connectivity, and that these fundamentals need to be consistently monitored regardless of the current threat. Mosquito surveillance, control infrastructure, and management tools grew from the threats of WNV and Zika in the US, yet funding diminished in subsequent years only to surge again and require rebuilding of infrastructure and professional staff following threats from the arrival of Zika and chikungunya viruses in the United States in the mid-2010s (Connelly 2019, Kading et al 2020, Dye-Braumuller et al 2022a, 2022b, Van Note 2023).…”

Section: Strategies For the Way Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing threat of Rift Valley fever virus globalization: strategic guidance for protection and preparation

Gibson,

Noronha,

Tubbs

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (Bunyavirales: Phlebovirus) is a prominent vector-borne zoonotic disease threat to global agriculture and public health. Risks of introduction into nonendemic regions are tied to changing climate regimes and other dynamic environmental factors that are becoming more prevalent, as well as virus evolutionary factors and human/animal movement. Endemic to the African continent, RVFV has caused large epizootics at the decadal scale since the early 20th century but has spread to the Arabian Peninsula and shows increasing patterns of interepizootic transmission on the annual scale. This virus can be transmitted by mosquitoes as well as through direct contact with infected tissues and can cause sporadic to widespread morbidity and mortality in domestic ungulate livestock as well as humans. High viremias in infected livestock moved for legal and illegal trade as well as in infected mosquitoes or human travelers can spread this virus worldwide. With increasing global commerce, it is likely RVFV will be introduced to new areas with suitable hosts, mosquito vector species, and environments. However, the strong mosquito component of RVFV epidemiology combined with advancements in vaccines, diagnostics, and virus evolutionary factors create opportunities for strategies to leverage models of connectivity among potential source and emerging regions to target surveillance and mitigation activities to reduce the risk of RVFV introduction, or contain the virus should it be introduced, into new regions.

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“…9,13,14 This lack of continuity in MCP personnel with technical skills and historical data have negatively impacted surveillance systems and our ability to proactively defend against vector-borne disease outbreaks. 14,15 Reliable funding sources for MCPs allow for efficiency in mosquito control through long-term surveillance and trained staff. 3,16 Relationships cultivated among environmental/public health and mosquito abatement services allow innovation, creativity, and diversity of perspectives in how state and local agencies direct their programs and strategize mosquito-borne disease control, and the incorporation of abatement activities into public health services.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,9,11,12 The lack of MCPs in the United States (US) has resulted in a reactive and delayed approach and response to disasters, with emergency managers, environmental/public health programs, and other health professionals handling mosquito issues post-disaster. 9,13,14 This lack of continuity in MCP personnel with technical skills and historical data have negatively impacted surveillance systems and our ability to proactively defend against vector-borne disease outbreaks. 14,15 Reliable funding sources for MCPs allow for efficiency in mosquito control through long-term surveillance and trained staff.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Assessment of Preparedness for Mosquito Control Post-Hurricane Florence in North Carolina

Fields,

Balanay,

Byrd

et al. 2023

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Objectives: Ideally, mosquito control programs (MCPs) use surveillance to target control measures to potentially dangerous mosquito populations. In North Carolina (NC), where there is limited financial support for mosquito control, communities may suffer from mosquito-related issues post-hurricane due to lack of existing MCPs. Here, study objectives were to (1) investigate the emergency response of a subset of NC counties post-Hurricane Florence and (2) develop guidelines and policy recommendations to assist MCPs in post-hurricane mosquito control response. Methods: A survey was administered to a subset of eastern NC counties (an area previously impacted by hurricanes) with various levels of MCPs (from none to well-developed). Results: All respondents indicated that having Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) training would be helpful in developing a post-hurricane emergency response plan for mosquito control. There was concern related to a lack of knowledge of emergency control methods (eg, aerial/ground, adulticiding/larviciding) post-hurricane. MCP structure (eg, infrastructure, resources, operational plans/policies) could facilitate response activities and help ensure necessary emergency financial support from agencies such as FEMA. Conclusions: Mosquito control post-hurricane protects public health. Public health and other agencies can be networking resources for MCPs. Policy recommendations include implementation of routine FEMA assistance training workshops to improve an understanding of processes involved in assistance and reimbursement.

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Riding the Wave: Reactive Vector-Borne Disease Policy Renders the United States Vulnerable to Outbreaks and Insecticide Resistance

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Environmental variables serve as predictors of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann): An approach for targeted tick surveillance

Environmental variables serve as predictors of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann): An approach for targeted tick surveillance

The increasing threat of Rift Valley fever virus globalization: strategic guidance for protection and preparation

Retrospective Assessment of Preparedness for Mosquito Control Post-Hurricane Florence in North Carolina

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