RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzaldehyde, CAS Registry Number 100-52-7

Api, A.M.; Belsito, D.; Biserta, S.; Botelho, D.; Bruze, M.; Burton, G.A.; Buschmann, J.; Cancellieri, M.A.; Dagli, M.L.; Date, M.; Dekant, W.; Deodhar, C.; Fryer, A.D.; Gadhia, S.; Jones, L.; Joshi, K.; Lapczynski, A.; Lavelle, M.; Liebler, D.C.; Na, M.; O’Brien, D.; Patel, A.; Penning, T.M.; Ritacco, G.; Rodríguez-Ropero, F.; Romine, J.; Sadekar, N.; Salvito, D.; Schultz, T.W.; Siddiqi, F.; Sipes, I. G.; Sullivan, G.; Thakkar, Y.; Tokura, Y.; Tsang, S.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.110878

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…23 Among wellestablished fragrances possibly causing contact allergy in humans based on experimental research assessed and summarised by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM), fragrance chemical candidates that are used in high volume in various product types leading to relevant consumer exposure, were selected in dedicated IDEA activities to be used in this pilot study. [24][25][26][27][28][29] All of them are synthetic fragrances but can be present in natural extracts and have been widely used in consumer products for almost 40 years. 30 Four of them, except 4,8-dimethyl-4,9-decadienal, are also used as flavours in the food industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to in-vitro and/or invivo tests, the five fragrance allergens can cause skin sensitization. [24][25][26][27][28][29] According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment of RIFM, No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) is calculated to determine the skin sensitization safety level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NESILs for furaneol, trans-2-hexenal, 4,8-dimethyl-4,9-decadienal, longifolene, and benzaldehyde are 590, 18, 550, 3500 and 590 μg/cm 2 , respectively. [24][25][26][27][28][29] In this pilot study to the Extended Fragrance Ingredients Surveillance Study (EFISS), these five ingredients were tested in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to determine a suitable patch test concentration for each in order to subsequently use this for patch testing consecutive dermatitis patients for an extended monitoring period in the main EFISS study. Among the tested fragrances, only benzaldehyde 31 (5% pet.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, patch testing with fragrance ingredient test preparations in suitable concentrations and types of vehicles should be widely available to accurately detect rates of contact allergy while avoiding causing irritant contact reactions, false positive reactions, or active sensitization 23 . Among well‐established fragrances possibly causing contact allergy in humans based on experimental research assessed and summarised by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM), fragrance chemical candidates that are used in high volume in various product types leading to relevant consumer exposure, were selected in dedicated IDEA activities to be used in this pilot study 24–29 . To this end, five fragrance ingredients (furaneol [4‐Hydroxy‐2,5‐dimethyl‐3(2H)‐furanone], CAS No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment of RIFM, No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESIL) is calculated to determine the skin sensitization safety level. NESILs for furaneol, trans‐2‐hexenal, 4,8‐dimethyl‐4,9‐decadienal, longifolene, and benzaldehyde are 590, 18, 550, 3500 and 590 μg/cm 2 , respectively 24–29 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested: A dose‐finding study in the clinical population

Sukakul,

Uter,

Gonçalo

et al. 2024

Contact Dermatitis

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BackgroundQuantitative risk assessment (QRA) for skin sensitization is used to derive safe use levels of sensitising fragrance ingredients in products. Post‐marketing surveillance of the prevalence of contact allergy to these ingredients provides relevant data to help evaluate the performance of these measures.ObjectivesTo determine a suitable patch test concentration for five fragrance materials that had hitherto not been tested on a regular basis. These concentrations are then to be used in a surveillance study with patch testing consecutive patients over an extended monitoring period.Materials and MethodsFuraneol, CAS.3658‐77‐3; trans‐2‐hexenal, CAS.6728‐26‐3; 4,8‐dimethyl‐4,9‐decadienal, CAS.71077‐31‐1; longifolene, CAS.475‐20‐7; benzaldehyde, CAS.10052‐7, were patch tested with other fragrance allergens in four clinics. Patch testing was conducted in three rounds, starting with the lowest concentrations of the five ingredients. The doses were increased in the subsequent rounds if no late‐appearing positive reactions and virtually no irritant reactions were reported.ResultsOverall, 373 patients were tested. No positive allergic reaction was reported to the five ingredients. Patch test results of other fragrance allergens are reported.ConclusionsThe highest test concentrations are each considered safe for patch testing consecutive patients. Further surveillance based on these preparations will evaluate the hypothesis that QRA‐driven consumer product levels of these fragrances can prevent sensitization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested: A dose‐finding study in the clinical population

Sukakul,

Uter,

Gonçalo

et al. 2024

Contact Dermatitis

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Aldehydes and Acetals

Bernal,

Loccisano,

Neilson

et al. 2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Aldehydes and acetals are both naturally occurring and the result of manufacturing processes, resulting in potential human exposures in occupational settings and from the ambient air and the use of consumer products. Aldehydes and acetals have been identified as genotoxicants, carcinogens, reproductive and developmental toxicants, and irritants. However, many also demonstrate limited toxicological effects at anticipated exposure levels in the general population. Here, 64 aldehydes and acetals are cataloged by sub‐class, chemical and physical properties, toxicological effects, and regulatory standards for occupational and general population cohorts. This summary of selected aldehydes and acetals represents the range of potential toxicological effects, which may cause difficulty in utilizing read‐across to predict the toxicity of aldehydes and acetals without toxicological data.

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Design, Synthesis, and Acid‐Responsive Disassembly of Shell‐Sheddable Block Copolymer Labeled with Benzaldehyde Acetal Junction

Andrade‐Gagnon,

Casillas‐Popova,

Jazani

et al. 2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Smart nanoassemblies degradable through the cleavage of acid‐labile linkages have attracted significant attention because of their biological relevance found in tumor tissues and cancer cells. Despite their high potential for tumor‐targeting drug delivery exhibiting controlled/enhanced drug release, systematic understanding on their structural factors that affect the pH sensitivity of these functionalities remains challenging, particularly the design of junction acid‐labile linkages suitable for the development of effective acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies. Herein, we report the synthesis and acid‐responsive degradation through acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of three acetal and ketal diols and identify benzaldehyde acetal (BzAA) exhibiting optimal hydrolysis profiles in targeted pH ranges (e.g., pH = 5.0‐6.5) to be a suitable candidate for junction acid‐labile linkage. We explore the synthesis and aqueous micellization of well‐defined poly(ethylene glycol)‐based block copolymer bearing BzAA linkage covalently attached to a polymethacrylate block for the formation of colloidally‐stable nanoassemblies with BzAA groups at core/corona interfaces. Promisingly, our investigation on acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis and acid‐responsive disassembly shows that the formed nanoassemblies meet the criteria to acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies: slow degradation at tumoral pH = 6.5 and rapid disassembly at endo/lysosomal pH = 5.0, while colloidal stability at physiological pH = 7.4. This work guides the design principle of acid‐degradable shell‐sheddable nanoassemblies bearing BzAA at interfaces, thus offering the promise to address PEG dilemma and improved endocytosis in tumor‐targeting drug delivery.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, benzaldehyde, CAS Registry Number 100-52-7

Cited by 6 publications

References 124 publications

Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested: A dose‐finding study in the clinical population

Results of patch testing with five fragrance materials hitherto not tested: A dose‐finding study in the clinical population

Aldehydes and Acetals

Design, Synthesis, and Acid‐Responsive Disassembly of Shell‐Sheddable Block Copolymer Labeled with Benzaldehyde Acetal Junction

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