Rift relocation — A geochemical and geochronological investigation of a palaeo-rift in northwest Iceland

Harðarson, Björn S.; Fitton, J. Godfrey; Ellam, Robert M.; Pringle, Malcolm S.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(97)00145-3

Cited by 206 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

178

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The surface expressions of this interaction are the neovolcanic zones; a discrete 15-50 km wide belts of active faulting and volcanism (e.g. Saemundsson, 1979;Jóhannesson, 1980;Vink, 1984;Óskarsson et al, 1985;Hardarson et al, 1997;Fig. 1.…”

Section: Regions Of Active Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history

Thordarson

Larsen

2007

Journal of Geodynamics

510

454

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The large-scale volcanic lineaments in Iceland are an axial zone, which is delineated by the Reykjanes, West and North Volcanic Zones (RVZ, WVZ, NVZ) and the East Volcanic Zone (EVZ), which is growing in length by propagation to the southwest through pre-existing crust. These zones are connected across central Iceland by the Mid-Iceland Belt (MIB). Other volcanically active areas are the two intraplate belts ofÖraefajökull (ÖVB) and Snaefellsnes (SVB). The principal structure of the volcanic zones are the 30 volcanic systems, where 12 are comprised of a fissure swarm and a central volcano, 7 of a central volcano, 9 of a fissure swarm and a central domain, and 2 are typified by a central domain alone.Volcanism in Iceland is unusually diverse for an oceanic island because of special geological and climatological circumstances. It features nearly all volcano types and eruption styles known on Earth. The first order grouping of volcanoes is in accordance with recurrence of eruptions on the same vent system and is divided into central volcanoes (polygenetic) and basalt volcanoes (monogenetic). The basalt volcanoes are categorized further in accordance with vent geometry (circular or linear), type of vent accumulation, characteristic style of eruption and volcanic environment (i.e. subaerial, subglacial, submarine).Eruptions are broadly grouped into effusive eruptions where >95% of the erupted magma is lava, explosive eruptions if >95% of the erupted magma is tephra (volume calculated as dense rock equivalent, DRE), and mixed eruptions if the ratio of lava to tephra occupy the range in between these two end-members. Although basaltic volcanism dominates, the activity in historical time (i.e. last 11 centuries) features expulsion of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite magmas that have produced effusive eruptions of Hawaiian and flood lava magnitudes, mixed eruptions featuring phases of Strombolian to Plinian intensities, and explosive phreatomagmatic and magmatic eruptions spanning almost the entire intensity scale; from Surtseyan to Phreatoplinian in case of "wet" eruptions and Strombolian to Plinian in terms of "dry" eruptions. In historical time the magma volume extruded by individual eruptions ranges from ∼1 m 3 to ∼20 km 3 DRE, reflecting variable magma compositions, effusion rates and eruption durations.All together 205 eruptive events have been identified in historical time by detailed mapping and dating of events along with extensive research on documentation of eruptions in historical chronicles. Of these 205 events, 192 represent individual eruptions and 13 are classified as "Fires", which include two or more eruptions defining an episode of volcanic activity that lasts for months to years. Of the 159 eruptions verified by identification of their products 124 are explosive, effusive eruptions are 14 and mixed eruptions are 21. Eruptions listed as reported-only are 33. Eight of the Fires are predominantly effusive and the remaining five include explosive activity that produced extensive tephra layers...

show abstract

Section: Regions Of Active Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history

Thordarson

Larsen

2007

Journal of Geodynamics

510

454

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…4). We used for this overview the compilation of geochronological NAIP data by Torsvik et al (2001), and included data from Iceland (Moorbath et al, 1968;Ross and Mussett, 1976;Hardarson et al, 1997;Foulger, 2006). This compilation is a selection from the most reliable available data (Torsvik et al, 2001).…”

Section: Magmatism: Age-overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The North Atlantic Igneous Province: A review of models for its formation

Meyer

Wijk²,

Gernigon³

2007

Special Paper 430: Plates, Plumes and Planetary Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mantle plume concept is currently being challenged as an explanation for North Atlantic Igneous Province formation. Alternative models have been suggested, including delamination, meteorite impact, small-scale rift-related convection, and chemical mantle heterogeneities. We review available datasets on uplift, strain localization, age and chemistry of igneous material, and tomography for the North Atlantic Igneous Province, and compare them with predictions from the mantle plume and alternative models. The mantle plume concept is quite successful in explaining formation of the NAIP, but unexplained aspects remain. Delamination and impact models are currently not supported. Rift-related small-scale convection models appear to be able to explain volcanic rifted margin volcanism well. However, the most important problem that non-plume models need to overcome is the continuing, long-lived melt anomaly extending via the Greenland-Faeroe Ridges to Iceland. Mantle heterogeneities, resulting from an ancient subducted slab, are included in plate tectonic models to explain the continuing melt production as an alternative to the mantle plume model, but there are still uncertainties related to this idea that need to be solved.

show abstract

“…However, there is evidence for large eastwards displacements of the rift zone which have given rise to syncline-anticline structures, unconformities, and crustal fracturing. One such ridge jump in Western Iceland appears to be of similar age as the oldest exposed lavas in the North-western peninsula (about 16 Ma; Hardarson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Geological Notesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Secular variation and reversals in a composite 2.5 km thick lava section in central Western Iceland

Kristjánsson

Jóhannesson

2014

Earth Planet Sp

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The direction and intensity of primary remanence has been measured in oriented specimens from 367 lava flows of Late Miocene age in Western Iceland. The lavas which were sampled in 8 overlapping profiles, were generally good material for paleomagnetic measurements. In a 2500-m composite section, at least 15 reversals of polarity and several excursions are recorded. The mean remanence direction and other overall paleomagnetic parameters for the present collection of lavas are similar to those found elsewhere in Iceland. The average rate of buildup of this lava pile was rather low and possibly episodic. Hence, correlations to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and to polarity patterns in other composite sections mapped in Iceland are not straightforward.

show abstract

Rift relocation — A geochemical and geochronological investigation of a palaeo-rift in northwest Iceland

Cited by 206 publications

References 35 publications

Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history

Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history

The North Atlantic Igneous Province: A review of models for its formation

Secular variation and reversals in a composite 2.5 km thick lava section in central Western Iceland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About