Rift Valley and West Nile Virus Antibodies in Camels, North Africa

Elharrak, Mehdi; Martín-Folgar, Raquel; Llorente, Francisco Rubio; Fernández‐Pacheco, Paloma; Brun, Alejandro; Figuerola, Jordi; Jiménez‐Clavero, Miguel Ángel

doi:10.3201/eid1712.110587

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Coxiella burnetii , Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii , rift valley fever, anthrax) and/or those that may be transmitted between camels, other livestock and wildlife (e.g. blue tongue, bovine diarrhoea virus, anthrax, Trypanosoma evansi ) (Davies et al., ; Mustafa, ; Afzal and Sakkir, ; Al‐Ani et al., ; OIE ; El‐Harrak et al., ). Losses due to infectious disease in camels also impact the economies of local camel herders (Rich and Perry, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey ofCoxiella burnetii(Q fever) in Dromedary Camels(Camelus dromedarius)in Laikipia County, Kenya

Browne

Fèvre

Kinnaird

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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SummaryDromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are an important protein source for people in semi‐arid and arid regions of Africa. In Kenya, camel populations have grown dramatically in the past few decades resulting in the potential for increased disease transmission between humans and camels. An estimated four million Kenyans drink unpasteurized camel milk, which poses a disease risk. We evaluated the seroprevalence of a significant zoonotic pathogen, Coxiella burnetii (Q fever), among 334 camels from nine herds in Laikipia County, Kenya. Serum testing revealed 18.6% positive seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (n = 344). Increasing camel age was positively associated with C. burnetii seroprevalence (OR = 5.36). Our study confirmed that camels living in Laikipia County, Kenya, have been exposed to the zoonotic pathogen, C. burnetii. Further research to evaluate the role of camels in disease transmission to other livestock, wildlife and humans in Kenya should be conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey ofCoxiella burnetii(Q fever) in Dromedary Camels(Camelus dromedarius)in Laikipia County, Kenya

Browne

Fèvre

Kinnaird

et al. 2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Since the emergence of WNV in Morocco in 1996 [1], several studies have been undertaken to measure the frequency of antibodies against the virus among animals in the southern regions of the country [5,9,10], but to our knowledge, there were no seroprevalence data for WNV antibodies in humans in this region. Thus, we evaluated the prevalence of WNV-specific antibodies in the vicinity of Dakhla, the capital of the Wad-ad-Dahab region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Sahara, a recent study demonstrated that 29% of the dromedaries of this region were positive for WNV antibodies [5]. In addition, O. Fassi-Fihri in a personal communication on July 10, 2012 found that several wild birds tested RT-PCR positive for WNV in the Sahara region, particularly among cormorants in the vicinity of Dakhla and Boujdour, in 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of West Nile Virus infection among humans in the southern Provinces of Morocco

Rhaffouli

Lahlou-Amine

Loutfi³

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of West Nile Virus infection in the southern provinces of Morocco. Methodology: A total of 250 sera, collected during 2012 in the province of Dakhla, were analyzed by microneutralisation assay. Results: WNV-neutralizing antibodies were detected in 13 samples (5.2%). The participants with WNV-specific antibodies were significantly younger than the rest of the population (p = 0.009). The positivity rate was higher among women (6.3%) than men (3.6%) (p = 0.26). Conclusions: This is the first serological evidence of WNV infection among humans in the southern provinces of Morocco.

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“…The virus has been isolated from apparently healthy camels (Imam et al 1979) , but their epidemiological role is uncertain. High seroprevalence has been reported in camels on several occasions: 22% and 57% in Kenya and 1978and 2006outbreaks, respectively (Davies et al 1985, Britch et al 2013, and 15% in Morocco from camels imported from Mauritania after the 2010 RVF outbreak (El Harrak et al 2011). Our study provided evidence that clinical disease in camels coincided with RVFV viremia during the 2010 outbreak in Mauritania.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comprehensive Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Rift Valley Fever Virus: The 2010 Northern Mauritania Outbreak in the Camelus dromedarius Species

MamyAhmed

LoModou²,

ThionganeYaya³

et al. 2014

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Rift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by RVF virus (RVFV), a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). RVF is widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa. In September of 2010, an RVF outbreak occurred in northern Mauritania involving mass abortions in small ruminants and camels (Camelus dromedarius) and at least 63 human clinical cases, including 13 deaths. In camels, serological prevalence was 27.5-38.5% (95% confidence interval, n=279). For the first time, clinical signs other than abortions were reported in this species, including hemorrhagic septicemia and severe respiratory distress in animals. We assessed the presence of RVFV in camel sera sampled during this outbreak and generated whole-genome sequences of RVFV to determine the possible origin of this RVFV strain. Phylogenetic analyses suggested a shared ancestor between the Mauritania 2010 strain and strains from Zimbabwe (2269, 763, and 2373), Kenya (155_57 and 56IB8), South Africa (Kakamas, SA75 and SA51VanWyck), Uganda (Entebbe), and other strains linked to the 1987 outbreak of RVF in Mauritania (OS1, OS3, OS8, and OS9).

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Rift Valley and West Nile Virus Antibodies in Camels, North Africa

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Serosurvey ofCoxiella burnetii(Q fever) in Dromedary Camels(Camelus dromedarius)in Laikipia County, Kenya

Serosurvey ofCoxiella burnetii(Q fever) in Dromedary Camels(Camelus dromedarius)in Laikipia County, Kenya

Serological evidence of West Nile Virus infection among humans in the southern Provinces of Morocco

Comprehensive Phylogenetic Reconstructions of Rift Valley Fever Virus: The 2010 Northern Mauritania Outbreak in the Camelus dromedarius Species

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