Rift Valley fever vaccines: current and future needs

Dungu, Baptiste; Lubisi, Baratang A.; Ikegami, Tetsuro

doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.02.001

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For example, a reverse vaccinology approach ( Burton, 2017 ) that focuses on domain B of the Gn may benefit immunogen design efforts for pathogenic phleboviruses for which there are no established vaccines, such as SFTSV or Toscana virus. Indeed, the development of such a protein subunit vaccine may also provide an attractive alternative to live-attenuated or inactivated RVFV vaccines, such as MP-12 and TSI-GSD-200, respectively ( Dungu et al., 2018 ), by immunofocusing the Ab response to a vulnerable region of the virion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human populations throughout East Africa are at high risk for RVFV infection, with seroprevalence reported to exceed 8% in communities located near water reservoirs that support mosquito populations ( Pourrut et al., 2010 ). No licensed antivirals or vaccines for RVFV are currently available, although a number of vaccine candidates are in development ( Dungu et al., 2018 , Faburay et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Protective Monoclonal Antibody Targets a Site of Vulnerability on the Surface of Rift Valley Fever Virus

et al. 2018

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SummaryThe Gn subcomponent of the Gn-Gc assembly that envelopes the human and animal pathogen, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), is a primary target of the neutralizing antibody response. To better understand the molecular basis for immune recognition, we raised a class of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nAbs) against RVFV Gn, which exhibited protective efficacy in a mouse infection model. Structural characterization revealed that these nAbs were directed to the membrane-distal domain of RVFV Gn and likely prevented virus entry into a host cell by blocking fusogenic rearrangements of the Gn-Gc lattice. Genome sequence analysis confirmed that this region of the RVFV Gn-Gc assembly was under selective pressure and constituted a site of vulnerability on the virion surface. These data provide a blueprint for the rational design of immunotherapeutics and vaccines capable of preventing RVFV infection and a model for understanding Ab-mediated neutralization of bunyaviruses more generally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Protective Monoclonal Antibody Targets a Site of Vulnerability on the Surface of Rift Valley Fever Virus

et al. 2018

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“…Scenarios 2-6 aimed at assessing the impact that different livestock vaccination strategies could have had on the number of human and livestock cases during the 2018-2019 epidemic. We assumed the use of a single-dose highly immunogenic vaccine (90% vaccine efficacy) (44,45), and a 14-d lag between vaccination and buildup of immunity. Figures of vaccination campaigns in Mayotte in 2017 (against blackleg, a livestock disease), showed that about 3,000 vaccine doses are routinely administered to livestock over a year by local veterinarians.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Rift Valley fever virus spillover to humans during the Mayotte 2018–2019 epidemic

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Edmunds

Youssouffi³

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an emerging, zoonotic, arboviral hemorrhagic fever threatening livestock and humans mainly in Africa. RVF is of global concern, having expanded its geographical range over the last decades. The impact of control measures on epidemic dynamics using empirical data has not been assessed. Here, we fitted a mathematical model to seroprevalence livestock and human RVF case data from the 2018–2019 epidemic in Mayotte to estimate viral transmission among livestock, and spillover from livestock to humans through both direct contact and vector-mediated routes. Model simulations were used to assess the impact of vaccination on reducing the epidemic size. The rate of spillover by direct contact was about twice as high as vector transmission. Assuming 30% of the population were farmers, each transmission route contributed to 45% and 55% of the number of human infections, respectively. Reactive vaccination immunizing 20% of the livestock population reduced the number of human cases by 30%. Vaccinating 1 mo later required using 50% more vaccine doses for a similar reduction. Vaccinating only farmers required 10 times as more vaccine doses for a similar reduction in human cases. Finally, with 52.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] [42.9–59.4]) of livestock immune at the end of the epidemic wave, viral reemergence in the next rainy season (2019–2020) is unlikely. Coordinated human and animal health surveillance, and timely livestock vaccination appear to be key to controlling RVF in this setting. We furthermore demonstrate the value of a One Health quantitative approach to surveillance and control of zoonotic infectious diseases.

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“…A comparison of different routes of experimental RVFV infection is reported by Kroeker et al. Approaches to RVFV diagnostics and vaccines have been reviewed previously (10,11); however, a perhaps less known vector-based vaccine approach for RVFV is using capripoxvirus; the use of this virus vector for vaccines against different arboviruses affecting ruminant livestock is addressed in a review by Teffera and Babiuk. A similar approach is described by Wallace et al with the development of a bivalent Lumpy Skin Disease-vectored Rift Valley fever virus vaccine.…”

Section: Organization Of the Special Editionmentioning

confidence: 99%