Rift Valley Fever Virus—Infection, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses

Nair, Niranjana; Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.; Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.; Prajeeth, Chittappen Kandiyil

doi:10.3390/pathogens12091174

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…The subcutaneous route was utilised to resemble infection via mosquito bite, the main route of transmission for ruminants [34]. For human exposure, infection from mosquitoes is rarer and is instead caused from direct contact with infected blood or tissues of infected animals [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus in a BALB/c Mouse Model Is Affected by Virus Culture Conditions and Sex of the Animals

Graham,

Easterbrook,

Kennedy

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen causing disease in livestock and humans. Whilst initially restricted to the African continent, recent spread to the Arabian Peninsula has highlighted the likelihood of entry into new regions. Due to the absence of a regulatory-approved human vaccine, work is ongoing to develop and assess countermeasures. As such, small animal models play a pivotal role in providing information on disease pathogenesis and elucidating which intervention strategies confer protection. To develop and establish the BALB/c mouse model, we challenged mice with RVFV grown from two separate cell lines: one derived from mosquitoes (C6/36) and the other mammalian derived (Vero E6). Following infection, we assessed the clinical course of disease progression at days 1 and 3 post-challenge and evaluated viral tropism and immune analytes. The results demonstrated that RVFV infection was affected by the cell line used to propagate the challenge virus, with those grown in insect cells resulting in a more rapid disease progression. The lowest dose that caused uniform severe disease remained the same across both virus preparations. In addition, to demonstrate reproducibility, the lowest dose was used for a subsequent infection study using male and female animals. The results further demonstrated that male mice succumbed to infection more rapidly than their female counterparts. Our results establish an RVFV mouse model and key parameters that affect the course of disease progression in BALB/c mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus in a BALB/c Mouse Model Is Affected by Virus Culture Conditions and Sex of the Animals

Graham,

Easterbrook,

Kennedy

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…Depleting C57Bl/6 mice of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells increased the frequency of encephalitis, supporting that these cell types contribute to the prevention of disease [ 81 , 82 ]. It is worth noting that adaptive immune responses against RVFV, due to its rapid progression and high lethality in rodent models, have mostly been explored using attenuated strains or recombinant viral proteins [ 42 , 81 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. In contrast, T cell responses to SFTSV have been well studied in human patients.…”

Section: T Cell Responses Against Bunyaviralesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales

Alatrash,

Herrera

2024

Viruses

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The Bunyavirales order includes at least fourteen families with diverse but related viruses, which are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod or rodent vectors. These viruses are responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and represent a threat to public health. Infection in humans can be asymptomatic, or it may present with a range of conditions from a mild, febrile illness to severe hemorrhagic syndromes and/or neurological complications. There is a need to develop safe and effective vaccines, a process requiring better understanding of the adaptive immune responses involved during infection. This review highlights the most recent findings regarding T cell and antibody responses to the five Bunyavirales families with known human pathogens (Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Hantaviridae, Nairoviridae, and Arenaviridae). Future studies that define and characterize mechanistic correlates of protection against Bunyavirales infections or disease will help inform the development of effective vaccines.

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“…RVFV infection induces strong cytokines, which are essential for the recruitment of innate immune cells to the site of infection (Nair et al, 2023). RVFV infected-cells secrete IL-1b, which is involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome, ASC oligomerization, and caspase-1 maturation.…”

Section: Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection and Nlrp3 Inflammasomementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection

Yue,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Virus infection is one of the greatest threats to human life and health. In response to viral infection, the host’s innate immune system triggers an antiviral immune response mostly mediated by inflammatory processes. Among the many pathways involved, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has received wide attention in the context of viral infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor composed of three components, including the innate immune receptor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), and the cysteine protease caspase-1. After being assembled, the NLRP3 inflammasome can trigger caspase-1 to induce gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis, promoting the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Recent studies have revealed that a variety of viruses activate or inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome via viral particles, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this review, we present a variety of regulatory mechanisms and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon RNA viral infection and demonstrate multiple therapeutic strategies that target the NLRP3 inflammasome for anti-inflammatory effects in viral infection.

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Rift Valley Fever Virus—Infection, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses

Cited by 15 publications

References 162 publications

Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus in a BALB/c Mouse Model Is Affected by Virus Culture Conditions and Sex of the Animals

Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever Virus in a BALB/c Mouse Model Is Affected by Virus Culture Conditions and Sex of the Animals

The Adaptive Immune Response against Bunyavirales

Regulation and functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RNA virus infection

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