Right cerebral hemisphere specialization for quiet and perturbed body balance control: Evidence from unilateral stroke

Fernandes, Corina Aparecida; Coelho, Daniel Boari; Martinelli, Alessandra Rezende; Teixeira, Luís Augusto

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2017.09.015

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…‘Postural instability’ is significantly more frequent among patients with right-hemisphere lesions, while ‘apraxic responses’ predominate among those with left-hemisphere injury ( Spinazzola et al , 2003 ). Consistently, animal studies showed that changes in locomotor behaviour and correlated region-specific differences in turnover of neurotransmitters after somatosensory TBI were dependent on the side of brain injury ( Robinson, 1979 ; Pearlson and Robinson, 1981 ; Spinazzola et al , 2003 ; Perennou et al , 2008 ; Sainburg, 2014 ; Sainburg et al , 2016 ; Ocklenburg et al , 2017 ; Fernandes et al , 2018 ; Stancher et al , 2018 ). Right but not left somatosensory lesions produced behavioural hyperactivity and bilaterally decreased cerebral and locus ceruleus norepinephrine concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Dependence of the right hindlimb flexion formation on afferent stimulation corroborates asymmetry of mono- and polysynaptic segmental reflexes in intact rats and cats ( Hultborn and Malmsten, 1983 a , b ; Malmsten, 1983 ) and asymmetry of NWRs in control rats, which all display greater activity on the right body side. The uncovered lateralization in the spinal cord may be relevant as the physiological basis for several neurological phenomena differently developed after injury to the left and right hemisphere (see Introduction section; Spinazzola et al , 2003 ; Fernandes et al , 2018 ). The hemisphere specific motor effects laid the basis for the general concept of motor lateralization in which the left hemisphere assures mechanical efficiency under predictable conditions, while the right hemisphere imparts robustness under unpredictable situations ( Sainburg, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several neurological phenomena are differently developed after injury to the left and right hemisphere. The right side compared to the left-side stroke results in poorer postural responses in quiet and perturbed balance suggesting a prominent role of the right hemisphere in efferent control of balance ( Fernandes et al , 2018 ). Hemineglect and bias of the subjective vertical are general causes of postural asymmetry and instability ( Tasseel-Ponche et al , 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suction lesion was performed to restrict a damaged area to the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex with the aim to examine specific changes in hindlimb motor functions and lumbar spinal circuits. Effects of the left- and right-side lesions were studied because of lateralization of the sensorimotor system and its differential responses to the left- and right-side injuries ( Robinson, 1979 ; Pearlson and Robinson, 1981 ; Spinazzola et al , 2003 ; Perennou et al , 2008 ; Sainburg, 2014 ; Sainburg et al , 2016 ; Ocklenburg et al , 2017 ; Fernandes et al , 2018 ; Stancher et al , 2018 ). In parallel with the HL-PA, we evaluated whether the hindlimb NWRs are affected by the UBI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry

Zhang

Watanabe

Sarkisyan

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

131

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Mechanisms of motor deficits (e.g. hemiparesis and hemiplegia) secondary to stroke and traumatic brain injury remain poorly understood. In early animal studies, a unilateral lesion to the cerebellum produced postural asymmetry with ipsilateral hindlimb flexion that was retained after complete spinal cord transection. Here we demonstrate that hindlimb postural asymmetry in rats is induced by a unilateral injury of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex, and characterize this phenomenon as a model of spinal neuroplasticity underlying asymmetric motor deficits. After cortical lesion, the asymmetry was developed due to the contralesional hindlimb flexion and persisted after decerebration and complete spinal cord transection. The asymmetry induced by the left-side brain injury was eliminated by bilateral lumbar dorsal rhizotomy, but surprisingly, the asymmetry after the right-side brain lesion was resistant to deafferentation. Pancuronium, a curare-mimetic muscle relaxant, abolished the asymmetry after the right-side lesion suggesting its dependence on the efferent drive. The contra- and ipsilesional hindlimbs displayed different musculo-articular resistance to stretch after the left but not right-side injury. The nociceptive withdrawal reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation and recorded with EMG technique were different between the left and right hindlimbs in the spinalized decerebrate rats. On this asymmetric background, a brain injury resulted in greater reflex activation on the contra- versus ipsilesional side; the difference between the limbs was higher after the right-side brain lesion. The unilateral brain injury modified expression of neuroplasticity genes analysed as readout of plastic changes, as well as robustly impaired coordination of their expression within and between the ipsi- and contralesional halves of lumbar spinal cord; the effects were more pronounced after the left side compared to the right-side injury. Our data suggest that changes in the hindlimb posture, resistance to stretch and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes are encoded by neuroplastic processes in lumbar spinal circuits induced by a unilateral brain injury. Two mechanisms, one dependent on and one independent of afferent input may mediate asymmetric hindlimb motor responses. The latter, deafferentation resistant mechanism may be based on sustained muscle contractions which often occur in patients with central lesions and which are not evoked by afferent stimulation. The unusual feature of these mechanisms is their lateralization in the spinal cord.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry

Zhang

Watanabe

Sarkisyan

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The pups were examined in the BWT between PNDs 50 and 60. Previous experimental and clinical studies demonstrate that the effects of the left and right side brain injury, stroke and traumatic brain injury on the sensorimotor functions substantially differ (Fernandes et al., 2018; Knebel et al., 2018; Robinson, 1979; Sainburg, 2014; Spinazzola et al., 2003; Stancher et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2020). Thereby, in this study we compared the effects of UBI versus sham injury, as well as the effects of the left UBI versus right UBI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral brain injury to pregnant rats induces asymmetric neurological deficits in the offspring

Carvalho

Brito

Lukoyanova

et al. 2021

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Effects of environmental factors may be transmitted to the following generation, and cause neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder in the offspring. Enhanced synaptic plasticity induced by environmental enrichment may be also transmitted. We here test the hypothesis that the effects of brain injury in pregnant animals may produce neurological deficits in the offspring. Unilateral brain injury (UBI) by ablation of the hindlimb sensorimotor cortex in pregnant rats resulted in the development of hindlimb postural asymmetry (HL‐PA), and impairment of balance and coordination in beam walking test in the offspring. The offspring of rats with the left UBI exhibited HL‐PA before and after spinal cord transection with the contralesional (i.e., right) hindlimb flexion. The right UBI caused the offspring to develop HL‐PA that however was cryptic and not‐lateralized; it was evident only after spinalization, and was characterized by similar occurrence of the ipsi‐ and contralesional hindlimb flexion. The HL‐PA persisted after spinalization suggesting that the asymmetry was encoded in lumbar spinal neurocircuits that control hindlimb muscles. Balance and coordination were affected by the right UBI but not the left UBI. Thus, the effects of a unilateral brain lesion in pregnant animals may be intergenerationally transmitted, and this process may depend on the side of brain injury. The results suggest the existence of left‐right side‐specific mechanisms that mediate transmission of the lateralized effects of brain trauma from mother to fetus.

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Adaptation of Automatic Postural Responses in the Dominant and Non-dominant Lower Limbs

Rinaldin

Oliveira

Souza

et al. 2022

XXVII Brazilian Congress on Biomedical Engineering

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Right cerebral hemisphere specialization for quiet and perturbed body balance control: Evidence from unilateral stroke

Cited by 34 publications

References 69 publications

Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry

Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry

Unilateral brain injury to pregnant rats induces asymmetric neurological deficits in the offspring

Adaptation of Automatic Postural Responses in the Dominant and Non-dominant Lower Limbs

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