RIGI, TLR7, and TLR3 Genes Were Predicted to Have Immune Response Against Avian Influenza in Indigenous Ducks

Abstract

Avian influenza is a disease with every possibility to evolve as a human-to-human pandemic arising out of frequent mutations and genetic reassortment or recombination of avian influenza (AI) virus. The greatest concern is that till date, no satisfactory medicine or vaccines are available, leading to massive culling of poultry birds, causing huge economic loss and ban on export of chicken products, which emphasizes the need to develop an alternative strategy for control of AI. In the current study, we attempt to explore the molecular mechanism of innate immune potential of ducks against avian influenza. In the present study, we have characterized immune response molecules such as duck TLR3, TLR7, and RIGI that are predicted to have potent antiviral activities against the identified strain of avian influenza through in silico studies (molecular docking) followed by experimental validation with differential mRNA expression analysis. Future exploitation may include immunomodulation with the recombinant protein, and transgenic or gene-edited chicken resistant to bird flu.

Ovine MyD88 have active role in host resistance againstHaemonchus contortusinfection

“…All the animals were maintained under uniform managemental conditions and are of similar age group (1-2 years). Total RNA was isolated from abomassum of sheep, which is actually the site of predilection for Haemonchus contortus following Trizol method (Pal et al, 2011, Pal et al, 2014, Pal et al, 2021).…”

“…The bacterial culture was pelleted and plated on LB agar plate containing Ampicillin (100Lmg/mL) added to agar plate @ 1L:L1000, IPTG (200Lmg/mL) and X-Gal (20Lmg/mL) for blue-white screening. Plasmid isolation from overnight-grown culture was done by small-scale alkaline lysis method (Pal et al, 2021, Sahu et al,2023a, Sahu et al,2023b, Sahu et al,2023c). Recombinant plasmids were characterized by PCR using gene-specific primers and restriction enzyme digestion based on reported nucleotide sequence for cattle.…”

“…Each sample was run in duplicate. Analysis of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed by delta-delta-Ct (ΔΔCt) method [Pal et al 2021] .…”

Mitochondrial genes affect the immune response against bacterial infection (Duck Pasteurellosis) through a cascade of mechanisms mediated by nuclear immune genes-a cross talk with nuclear and mitochondrial gene

“…We refer them as immune response genes, generally considered as nuclear genes regulating PRR, proinflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines. In our lab,we have reported the role of certain set of nuclear genes in controlling disease resistance or animal health in sheep 1,2 , cattle 3 , buffalo 4 , goat 5,6 , chicken 7 and duck 8,9 model 10 . Simultaneously, we have also reported the role of mitochondrial genes in controlling health and disease resistance 11 , and even reproduction 12 .…”

“…Ducks have been considered to be the second most important poultry species after chicken. Indigenous ducks have been observed to have certain unique characteristics in terms of its disease resistance ability against common avian diseases 8 . Ducks can be easily reared under organized farming system with small water container that enable them to dip their head for washing of their eyes without any natural water bodies.…”