Rigid Polyurethane Biofoams Filled with Chemically Compatible Fruit Peels

Acosta, Andrey Pereira; Otoni, Caio G.; Missio, André Luiz; Amico, Sandro Campos; Delucis, Rafael de Ávila

doi:10.3390/polym14214526

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It was assumed that the incorporation of either LigW or LigW/LG particles weakened the cellular structure of the resulting products due to solid particles located in cell walls and mostly the porous impurities of LigW particles. Additionally, our results showed that using the higher ratio of LigW and LG resulted in higher compressive values obtained at the same apparent density of the bioPUR foam composites, which was related to the cross-link formation between LG-coated LigW fillers and the bioPUR foam polymeric matrix [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Liquid Glass-Modified Lignin Waste on the Flammability Properties of Biopolyurethane Foam Composites

Kairytė,

Makowska,

Rybiński

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Water-blown biopolyurethane (bioPUR) foams are flammable and emit toxic gases during combustion. Herein, a novel approach suggested by the current study is to use different amounts of lignin waste (LigW), which increases the thermal stability and delays the flame spread and sodium silicate (LG), which has foaming ability at high temperatures and acts as a protective layer during a fire. However, there have been no studies carried out to investigate the synergy between these two materials. Therefore, two different ratios, namely 1/1 and 1/2 of LigW/LG, were used to prepare bioPUR foam composites. The obtained bioPUR foam composites with a 1/2 ratio of LigW/LG exhibited inhibition of flame propagation during the ignitability test by 7 s, increased thermal stability at higher temperatures by 40 °C, reduced total smoke production by 17%, reduced carbon monoxide release by 22%, and increased compressive strength by a maximum of 123% and 36% and tensile strength by a maximum of 49% and 30% at 100 °C and 200 °C, respectively, compared to bioPUR foam composites with unmodified LigW. Additionally, thanks to the sufficient compatibility between the polymeric matrix and LigW/LG particles, bioPUR foam composites were characterised by unchanged or even improved physical and mechanical properties, as well as increased glass transition temperature by 16% compared to bioPUR foam composites with unmodified LigW particles, making them suitable for application as a thermal insulating layer in building envelopes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Liquid Glass-Modified Lignin Waste on the Flammability Properties of Biopolyurethane Foam Composites

Kairytė,

Makowska,

Rybiński

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…The increase in strength of the bioPUR foams modified with LigW/LG 1:1 and LigW/LG 1:2 compared to bioPUR foams modified with LigW particles is related to the formation of cross-links between compatible fillers and the bioPUR matrix. This mechanism was studied and reported in a few studies as being able to induce a gain in some mechanical properties [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], although such filler–matrix interactions may not be strong enough to impart increases in mechanical performance and overcome the strength of control bioPUR foams, as the filler particles attach themselves to the cell walls, encapsulating blowing gas, and turn into nucleation sites, which weaken, and even damage, the edges of cells due to the weaker interaction between hydroxyl groups on the surface of the particles and isocyanate groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Ratios of Lignin Waste and Liquid Glass on the Performance Characteristics of Biopolyurethane Foams

et al. 2023

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In the current study, biopolyurethane foam was modified with 2.5–10 wt.% lignin waste (LigW) and liquid glass (LG)-modified LigW particles at different LigW/LG ratios—1:1 and 1:2—and their impact on performance characteristics—i.e., rheology, foaming times, apparent density, thermal conductivity before and after aging, dimensional stability at ambient and elevated conditions, compressive and tensile strengths, short-term water absorption by partial immersion, and water vapor permeability—was determined and evaluated. Structural analysis was implemented and structural parameters were taken into consideration as well. During the study, it was determined that 2.5–10 wt.% particles at the LigW/LG ratio of 1:2 showed a superior impact on the physical and mechanical properties of bioPUR foams. The apparent density only insignificantly increased and was in a density range suitable for commercially available polyurethanes. For particles at 10 wt.% and LigW/LG ratio of 1:1, the thermal conductivity value improved by 3.2%, the compressive strength increased by 153%, while the tensile strength improved by 23.5%, indicating sufficient interfacial adhesion between the filler and polymer matrix. Moreover, the short-term water absorption by partial immersion remained almost unchanged, while the water vapour diffusion resistance factor improved from 43 to 48. Additionally, the incorporation of LigW/LG 1:1 and LigW/LG 1:2 particles made it possible to obtain dimensionally and structurally stable closed-cell bioPUR foams for possible application as thermal insulation in building envelopes.

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“…For the RPUFs manufacture, castor oil (24 parts/g), distilled water, glycerol (8 parts/g), PEG-400 (3.5 parts/g), silicon oil (1 parts/g) and filler were mechanically mixed at 1000 rpm for 120 s. Thereafter, p-MDI (63 part/g) and amine (0.4 part/g) were added to the other components, which were then mechanically stirred for an extra 60 s, keeping a constant NCO/OH stoichiometric ratio of 1.2. The detailed formulation of the manufactured RPUFs is presented in Table 1, according to others' research from the group [16,22]. After this process, the liquid reaction mixture was cast in an open mould to freely rise (Figure 1).…”

Section: Rigid Polyurethane Foam Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the mechanical and hygroscopic performances achieved, these authors reported that the wood flour was the most promising filler due to its high holocellulose content. Finally, in the most recent research paper of the group [16], the incorporation of two fruit peels (from banana and bergamot) as fillers in RPUFs yielded increases in cell size and thermal stability. However, there are many residues from the food industry that could be used as fillers in RPUFs, due to their high content of hydroxyls associated with amorphous polysaccharides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Rigid Polyurethane Biofoams Filled with Pine Seed Shell and Yerba Mate Wastes

et al. 2023

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Pine seed shells and yerba mate are common wastes leftover from the food and beverage industry. This study presents the development of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) filled with pine seed shells and yerba mate at 5, 10 and 15 wt%. The fillers were characterized for chemical properties using bench chemistry analyses, and the RPUFs were investigated in terms of chemical, morphological, mechanical, thermal and colorimetric characteristics. The main results indicated that yerba mate showed good compatibility with the polyurethane system, probably because its available hydroxyl groups reacted with isocyanate groups to form urethane bonds, producing increases in mechanical and thermal properties. However, pine seed shell did not appear to be compatible. Anisotropy increased slightly, as there was an increase in the percentage of reinforcement. The mechanical properties of the yerba mate reinforced foams proved stable, while there was a loss of overall up to ~50% for all mechanical properties in those reinforced with pine seed shell. Thermal properties were improved up to ~40% for the yerba mate reinforced foams, while those reinforced with pine nuts were stable. It was possible to observe a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of ~−5 °C for the yerba mate reinforced foams and ~−14 °C for the pine seed shell reinforced ones.

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Rigid Polyurethane Biofoams Filled with Chemically Compatible Fruit Peels

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Liquid Glass-Modified Lignin Waste on the Flammability Properties of Biopolyurethane Foam Composites

Effect of Liquid Glass-Modified Lignin Waste on the Flammability Properties of Biopolyurethane Foam Composites

Impact of Different Ratios of Lignin Waste and Liquid Glass on the Performance Characteristics of Biopolyurethane Foams

Rigid Polyurethane Biofoams Filled with Pine Seed Shell and Yerba Mate Wastes

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