Ghys and Sergiescu proved in the 80s that Thompson's group T , and hence F , admits actions by C ∞ diffeomorphisms of the circle . They proved that the standard actions of these groups are topologically conjugate to a group of C ∞ diffeomorphisms. Monod defined a family of groups of piecewise projective homeomorphisms, and Lodha-Moore defined finitely presentable groups of piecewise projective homeomorphisms. These groups are of particular interest because they are nonamenable and contain no free subgroup. In contrast to the result of Ghys-Sergiescu, we prove that the groups of Monod and Lodha-Moore are not topologically conjugate to a group of C 1 diffeomorphisms.Furthermore, we show that the group of Lodha-Moore has no nonabelian C 1 action on the interval. We also show that many Monod's groups H(A), for instance when A is such that PSL(2, A) contains a rational homothety x → p q x, do not admit a C 1 action on the interval. The obstruction comes from the existence of hyperbolic fixed points for C 1 actions. With slightly different techniques, we also show that some groups of piecewise affine homeomorphisms of the interval or the circle are not smoothable. 1 2 Some definitions and notation Definition 2.1. Let M be a manifold and Homeo(M ) the group of homeomorphisms of M . A subgroup G ⊂ Homeo(M ) is C r -smoothable (r ≥ 1) if it is conjugate in Homeo(M ) to a subgroup in Diff r (M ), the group of C r diffeomorphisms of M .Remark 2.2. Even if a certain subgroup G ⊂ Homeo(M ) is not C r -smoothable, it is still possible that the group G, as abstract group, admits C r actions on the manifold M .