Rigour, reliability and validity in qualitative research

Long, Tony; Johnson, Martin

doi:10.1054/cein.2000.0106

Cited by 357 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…There are two key ways of hav ing data analyses validated by others: respondent validation (or member check) -returning to the study participants and asking them to validate analyses -and peer review (or peer debrief, also referred to as inter-rater reliability) -whereby another qualitative researcher analyses the data independently. [13][14][15] Participant validation involves return ing to respondents and asking them to carefully read through their interview transcripts and/or data analysis for them to validate, or refute, the research er's interpretation of the data. Whilst this can arguably help to refi ne theme and theory development, the process is hugely time consuming and, if it does not occur relatively soon after data col lection and analysis, participants may have also changed their perceptions and views because of temporal effects and potential changes in their situation, Some respondents may also want to modify their opinions on re-presenta tion of the data if they now feel that, on reflection, their original comments are not 'socially desirable'.…”

Section: Verifi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing and presenting qualitative data

et al. 2008

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• Analysing and presenting qualitative data is one of the most confusing aspects of qualitative research.• This paper provides a pragmatic approach using a form of thematic content analysis. Approaches to presenting qualitative data are also discussed.• The process of qualitative data analysis is labour intensive and time consuming. Those who are unsure about this approach should seek appropriate advice. I N B R I E F PRACTICEThis paper provides a pragmatic approach to analysing qualitative data, using actual data from a qualitative dental public health study for demonstration purposes. The paper also critically explores how computers can be used to facilitate this process, the debate about the verification (validation) of qualitative analyses and how to write up and present qualitative research studies.

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Section: Verifi Cationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing and presenting qualitative data

et al. 2008

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“…A collaborative approach to discussion, exploration and analysis of the data, as well as preparation of the interview guide, allows for investigator triangulation. This, alongside multiple site visits, detailed field notes as an audit trail and awareness of researcher positionality and subjectivity help to enhance the rigour (Bradbury‐Jones, 2007; Wolfram Cox & Hassard, 2010), validity and reliability of the study (Long & Johnson, 2000). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A challenging entanglement: health care providers’ perspectives on caring for ill and injured tourists on Cozumel Island, Mexico

Hoffman

Crooks

Snyder

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: Despite established knowledge that tourists often fall ill or are injured abroad, little is known about their treatment. The intent of this study was to explore health care professionals’ treatment provision experiences on Cozumel Island, Mexico. Methods: 13 semi-structured interviews were undertaken with professionals across a number of health care vocations on Cozumel Island. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed to determine common challenges faced in the provision of treatment for transnational tourists. Results: Three thematic challenges emerged from the data: human and physical resource deficiencies, medical (mis)perceptions held by patients and complexities surrounding remuneration of care. Health care providers employ unique strategies to mitigate these challenges. Conclusion: Although many of these challenges exist within other touristic and peripheral spaces, we suggest that the challenges experienced by Cozumel Island’s health care professionals, and their mitigation strategies, exist as part of a complex entanglement between the island’s health care sector and its dominant tourism landscape. We call on tangential tourism services to take a larger role in ensuring the ease of access to, and provision of quality health care services for tourists on Cozumel Island.

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“…Credibility can be achieved by ensuring the findings accurately reflect the data and the analytical procedures are undertaken robustly (Long and Johnson 2000). Potential bias relate to data construction ('influence' such as potential power dynamics between researcher and participants) and data interpretation ('immersion' such as accounting for researchers' personal beliefs that may influence the analytical processes).…”

Section: How Is Creditability In Qualitative Research Achieved?mentioning

confidence: 99%