Rill sediment transport on a Prince Edward Island (Canada) fine sandy loam

Edwards, L.M.; Burney, J. R.; Frame, P.A.

doi:10.1016/0933-3630(95)00009-2

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A laboratory test conducted with freeze-thaw, found that frozen soil produced a mean sediment yield that is 25% greater than a similar soil that had never been frozen (Edwards et al 1995). Ferrick & Gatto (2005 also demonstrated that a dramatic increase in soil erodibility were resulted from freeze-thaw cycles.…”

Section: Effects On Soil Structure and Nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpoint-source nitrogen and phosphorus behavior and modeling in cold climate: a review

Han

Liu

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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Pollution from nonpoint-source (NPS) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the main causes of eutrophication in lotic, lentic and coastal systems. The climate of cold regions might play an important role in disturbing environmental behavior of NPS N and P, influencing simulation of watershed scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models. The losses of NPS N and P increase in regions of cold climate. In cold seasons, accumulations of N and P are accelerated in soil with increasing fine root and aboveground biomass mortality, decreasing plant nutrient uptake, as well as freezing soil. N and P transformation is disturbed by soil frost and snow. Moreover, factors such as physical disruption of soil aggregates, pollutant accumulation in snowpack, and snow melting can all increase the NPS N and P losses to the waterbody. Therefore, NPS N and P in first flush are more serious in cold climate. All these effects, especially frozen soil and snowpack, make great challenges to watershed scale hydrologic and nonpoint-source pollution models simulation in cold climate. Model improvements of snowmelt runoff, nutrient losses in frozen soil, as well as N and P behavior have been initiated and will be continued to evaluate in terms of their performances and suitability with different scale, hydrologic and geologic conditions in the future.

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Section: Effects On Soil Structure and Nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonpoint-source nitrogen and phosphorus behavior and modeling in cold climate: a review

Han

Liu

et al. 2010

Water Science and Technology

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“…The water flow added by simulated rainfall on a slope with ground cover significantly increased this loss. Edwards et al () performed laboratory tests with FT and non‐frozen soils and found that the former yielded a mean sediment concentration that is 25% higher than that of the same soil which did not experience freeze–thaw cycles. FT cycling increased the sediment mass from the interrill and rill erosion of a fine sandy loam soil by approximately 90% and 25%, respectively (Edwards, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Ban

Lei

Chen

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Changes in thawed depth of frozen soil caused by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations are commonly found in high altitude and latitude regions of the world. These changes significantly influence hydrologic and erosion processes. Experimental data are necessary to improve the understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. Laboratory experiments were conducted in Beijing to assess the impacts of thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and flow rate on soil erosion by concentrated meltwater flow over an underlying frozen soil layer. Soil samples from watershed were filled in flumes, saturated before being frozen. After the soil was completely frozen, flumes were taken out of storage to thaw the frozen soil from top to the designed depths. Meltwater flow was simulated using a tank filled with water and icecubes at approximately 0°C. The erosion experiments involved four thawed soil depths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm; three slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°; and three flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 l/min; and seven rill lengths of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m. Sediment-laden water samples were collected at the lower end of the flume for determination of sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment concentration increased exponentially with rill length to approach a maximum value. The sediment concentrations were closely correlated with thawed soil depth, flow rate, and slope gradient. Shallower thawed depths delivered more sediments than deeper thawed depths. Slope gradient was the primary factor responsible for severe erosion. The effect of flow rate on sediment concentration which decreased with increasing slope gradient, was not as significant as that of slope gradient. Results from these experiments are useful for understanding the effect of thawed soil depth on erosion process in thawed soils subject to freezing and for estimating erosion model parameters.

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“…Rill erosion laboratory experiments of Van Klaveren and McCool (1998) revealed slightly higher erodibility of thawed soils after a single FT cycle compared to that of an unfrozen soil. Edwards et al (1995) conducted similar laboratory tests, except that four diurnal cycles of freeze-thaw were performed prior to a final 12-hr freezing cycle. Erosion of this cycled and initially frozen soil produced a mean sediment yield 25% greater than a similar soil that had never been frozen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the effect of a freeze–thaw cycle on soil erosion: laboratory experiments

Ferrick

Gatto

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

142

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. The original document contains color images. ABSTRACTIn this paper we quantitatively tested the hypothesis that soil freeze-thaw(FT) processes significantly increase the potential for upland hillslope erosion during runoff events that follow thaw. We selected a frost-susceptible silt to obtain an upper bound on FT effects, and completed three series of six experiments each to quantify differences in soil erodibility and rill development for bare soil following a single FT cycle. Each series represented a specific soil moisture range: 16-18%, 27-30%, and 37-40% by volume, with nominal flow rates of 0.4, 1.2, and 2.4 L/min and slopes of 8º and 15º. Each experiment used two identical soil bins, one a control (C) to remain unfrozen, the other to be frozen and thawed. Standard soil characterization tests did not detect significant differences between the FT and C bins. Experimental results were closely related to conditions of the experiment, imposing a requirement for minimum differences in soil weight, bulk density, and soil moisture through each series. We measured cross-sectional geometry of an imposed straight rectangular rill before each experiment, sediment load during, and rill cross sections after. Changes in cross section provided detailed measures of erosion at specific locations along the rill, while sediment load from time series runoff samples integrated the rill erosion. Several parameters, including average maximum rill width, average maximum rill depth, rill cross-section depth measures, and sediment load all followed similar trends. Each was greater in the FT than in the C, with values that generally increased with slope and flow. However, soil moisture was the only parameter that affected the FT/C relationship. For example, average sediment load grouped by soil moisture provided FT/C ratios of 2.4, 3.0, and 5.0 for low, mid, and high moisture, respectively. In contrast, a "dry" experiment at 4.4% soil moisture had FT/C of 1.02 for sediment load. These results indicate a dramatic increase in the rate and quantity of bare soil eroded as a result of the FT cycle that is in direct proportion to soil moisture. ABSTRACTIn this paper we quantitatively tested the hypothesis that soil freeze-thaw (F...

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Rill sediment transport on a Prince Edward Island (Canada) fine sandy loam

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Nonpoint-source nitrogen and phosphorus behavior and modeling in cold climate: a review

Nonpoint-source nitrogen and phosphorus behavior and modeling in cold climate: a review

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Quantifying the effect of a freeze–thaw cycle on soil erosion: laboratory experiments

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