Ring-Disc Electrodes

Albery, W. John; Hitchman, Michael L.; King, Christine

doi:10.1149/1.2403799

Cited by 208 publications

(265 citation statements)

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“…The RRDE dimensions were R 1 = 0.25, R 2 = 0.27 and R 3 = 0.37 cm. The collector efficiency was calculated as N = 0.456, according to Albery et al [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solutions using scanning electrochemical microscope

Erts

Ahlberg²,

Ásbjörnsson³

et al. 1998

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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Scanning electrochemical microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used together with cyclic voltammetry and rotating ring disc experiments to study the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solution. The results show that the mechanism of cobalt oxidation involves a solid state path as well as dissolution combined with precipitation. In the concentration region studied, 0.1-1 M NaOH, the solid state path seems to predominate.The AFM images clearly show a three-dimensional growth mechanism and that the initial oxidation starts at active sites at the surface.Metal oxide and hydroxide films are of practical interest because of their electrocatalytic properties, photochemical activity and charge storage capabilities. Electrochemically generated films are generally more active and it is therefore of great interest to study the initial oxidation mechanism. Two main questions are stressed in many film-forming systems: first, whether the reaction proceeds through a solid state route or by a dissolution/precipitation path, and second, whether the film growth is two-or three-dimensional. In the dissolution/precipitation route, soluble species are formed and can be detected, for example, by conventional rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) measurements, provided that the precipitation reaction is not too fast. The film growth is generally inhomogeneous and three-dimensional. In this work, the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solution was investigated with these questions in mind. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used together with cyclic voltammetry and RRDE. Most spectroscopic and diffraction techniques only provide information averaged over macroscopic regions of the electrode surface. This is in contrast with scanning probe methods (SPMs) such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), where the electrode surface can be studied with nanometer to atomic resolution, ex situ or in situ. The high spatial resolution of the surface is of interest because structural and chemical inhomogeneities can have a significant influence on the local mechanism of electrochemical reactions on the electrode. Thus, by performing AFM measurements one gets topographical information about the electrode surface. Furthermore, AFM reveals whether small oxide particles have formed on the electrode surface where other techniques, such as X-ray grazing angle measurements, fail to detect them. AFM can be used to image both conducting and nonconducting samples. SECM was used to detect soluble species formed during the oxidation process. By keeping the tip at constant potential during the polarization of the cobalt sample, these experiments resemble the RRDE measurements. However, the tip electrode can be located close to the surface and more shortlived species can be detected.The results show that soluble species can be detected by RRDE and SECM when the oxidation takes place in 1 M NaOH. Preliminary results show that a larger fraction of soluble species can be detected by SECM. In 0.1 M NaOH the detec...

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“…The RRDE dimensions were R 1 = 0.25, R 2 = 0.27 and R 3 = 0.37 cm. The collector efficiency was calculated as N = 0.456, according to Albery et al [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solutions using scanning electrochemical microscope

Erts

Ahlberg²,

Ásbjörnsson³

et al. 1998

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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“…For the analysis of the simple EC reaction, process (a) has been used exclusively. 22,23 In the present case, where we treat the reaction as the potential-reversed ECE mechanism, process (b) was attempted. Figure 4 shows the typical steady-state current-potential curves for the oxidation of 2 mM VNA at a Pt RRDE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrooxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol in Acidic Aqueous Solution Using Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Voltammetry

Yamada

2005

ANAL. SCI.

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The electrooxidation of benzylic alcohol derivative in acidic aqueous solution shows an oxidation pre-peak in the cyclic voltammogram, which means that the reaction is proceeding via an ECE mechanism where the second electron transfer occurs at a less positive potential. From the result of the rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry, the initial oxidation response of the electrode reaction can be extracted.

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“…Previous to the disk-ring measurements, the collection efficiency of the platinum ring disk, N = I R /I D , was determined for the RRDE electrode in the experimental conditions recommended by Pine using the redox couple Fe(CN) 6 3-/Fe(CN) 6 4? in a deaerated solution of 0.005 M K 3 Fe(CN) 6 with 0.1 M K 2 SO 4 , which is generally employed for this determination [28]. Prior to experiments, the electrode was polished with alumina suspension of 0.5 lm and deionized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of oxygen reduction in alkaline media on electrocatalysts prepared by the mechanical alloying of Pt, Co, and Ni

2015

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Pt, PtCo, and PtNi electrocatalysts were prepared by mechanical alloying, and their activity for oxygen reduction reaction in 0.5 M KOH was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating ring-disk electrode techniques. Electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Physical characterization showed that all electrocatalysts are alloys in the form of agglomerated particles that consist of nanocrystals. To perform an electrocatalytic evaluation, polarization curves, Koutecky-Levich and Tafel plots were obtained to calculate the kinetic parameters. Additionally, the molar fraction of the generated HO 2 -and the number of transferred electrons were determined. PtCo alloy showed a better performance for oxygen reduction reaction with a higher exchange current density, a lower overpotential, as well as higher specific and mass activities due to a synergistic effect between Pt and Co atoms as a result of the alloying process.

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Ring-Disc Electrodes

Abstract: not Available.

Cited by 208 publications

References 0 publications

Studies of the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solutions using scanning electrochemical microscope

Studies of the initial oxidation of cobalt in alkaline solutions using scanning electrochemical microscope

Electrooxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol in Acidic Aqueous Solution Using Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode Voltammetry

Investigation of oxygen reduction in alkaline media on electrocatalysts prepared by the mechanical alloying of Pt, Co, and Ni

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