Riot-related injuries managed at a hospital in Beirut, Lebanon

Zahran, Tharwat El; Mostafa, Hala; Hamade, Hani; Mneimneh, Zeina; Kazzi, Ziad; Sayed, Mazen J. El

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.12.084

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…3 In Lebanon, massive crowds protested against economic collapse, culminating in hundreds of people being injured due to different LLWs. 4 Similar situations have been reported in other countries. 5 Therefore, local healthcare institutions should be prepared to receive and offer treatment to a wide range of casualties that could result from these situations.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The demographic distribution of the sample is similar to other studies that included demonstrators, with the majority of patients being male and young adults 4,5,7 . The type of health insurance has been used in previous studies as a proxy for socioeconomic status 7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…For instance, several ophthalmic injuries were reported during the George Floyd protests in the United States due to the use of KIPs 3 . In Lebanon, massive crowds protested against economic collapse, culminating in hundreds of people being injured due to different LLWs 4 . Similar situations have been reported in other countries 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The demographic distribution of the sample is similar to other studies that included demonstrators, with the majority of patients being male and young adults. 4,5,7 The type of health insurance has been used in previous studies as a proxy for socioeconomic status. 7 Most of the participants were on the higher income end, and insured by ISAPRE and FONASA D. A different distribution was observed in a study reporting on ocular trauma injuries during civil unrest in Chile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since numerous episodes of civil unrest have occurred worldwide, [3][4][5] it is interesting to investigate the specific characteristics of such dental traumas. It is probable that the police use of force against the face region, including the impact of LLWs, leads to severe injuries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traumatic dental injuries sustained during Chile's civil unrest: A case series study

Corral Nunez,

Hurtado,

Latapiat Parodi

et al. 2023

Dental Traumatology

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Background/AimDuring Chile's period of social unrest, numerous people suffered physical trauma due to the use of police force. However, there have been no reports regarding traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) suffered in this context. This study aims to describe the dental trauma of patients injured by police during the social unrest period in Chile from 2019 to 2021.Material and MethodsA case series methodology was employed. Following informed consent, clinical records of patients admitted to the Ocular and Dentomaxillofacial Prosthetic Care and Rehabilitation Program, who were affected by the violence of state agents during social mobilizations, were reviewed from October 2019 to December 2021. Information on the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and the TDI diagnoses with their treatment needs were collected. A descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsForty‐six patients were identified, nine of whom agreed to the informed consent. Most were male, with a mean age of 28 years, public health insurance, and a high educational level. The most common causes of injury were kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs) and the use of physical force (punches, kicks, or pushes). Of the nine cases described, 26 teeth were affected by TDI. The most affected teeth were the central upper incisors and, in most cases, they presented lesions in both injury categories: NA0D.0 (the tooth and pulp) and NA0D.1 (periodontal tissues). Treatment needs varied and included some complex procedures, such as implant‐retained crowns and removable dental prostheses.ConclusionsThe use of force by police during the period of social unrest in Chile caused TDIs among demonstrators, which were mainly due to physical force from less‐than‐lethal weapons. Most cases presented injuries affecting the incisors with multiple teeth requiring complex treatments.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%