Ripening of Japonica and Indica Type Rice as Influenced by Temperature During Ripening Period

Nagato, Kazuo; Chaudhry, Fateh Muhammad

doi:10.1626/jcs.38.657

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Bengal rice grown at 18°C was significantly less chalky than rice grown at 22°C nighttime temperature. Many previous studies have observed increased chalkiness with increased temperature regimes (Nagato and Ebata 1965;Nagato and Chaudhry 1969;Tashiro and Ebata 1975;Yali and Zhiguo 1997;Lisle et al 2000). Yoshida and Hara (1977) noted that chalkiness increased as nighttime temperature increased, except when nighttime temperature was very low (14°C), which also caused an increase in chalkiness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Nighttime Temperature During Kernel Development on Rice Physicochemical Properties

2008

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Cereal Chem. 85(3):276-282Rice quality can vary inexplicably from one lot to another and from year to year. One cause could be the variable temperatures experienced during the nighttime hours of rice kernel development. During the fall of 2004, a controlled temperature study was conducted using large growth chambers, testing nighttime temperatures of 18, 22, 26, and 30°C from 12 a.m. until 5 a.m. throughout kernel development, using rice cultivars Cypress, LaGrue, XP710, XL8, M204, and Bengal. As nighttime temperature increased, head rice yields (HRY) significantly decreased for all cultivars except Cypress and Bengal, for which HRY did not vary among nighttime temperature treatments. Kernel mass did not vary among temperature treatments for any cultivar. Grain dimensions generally decreased as nighttime temperature increased. The number of chalky kernels increased with an increase in nighttime temperature for all cultivars but Cypress. The amylose content of Cypress and LaGrue was significantly lower at the nighttime temperature of 30°C, while total brown rice lipid and protein contents did not vary among temperature treatments for all cultivars.Rice is primarily consumed as an intact kernel and therefore production quality is largely measured by head rice yields (HRY), which is the mass percentage of rough rice kernels that remain as head rice (kernels that are ≥75% of a whole, milled kernel (USDA 2005). Broken rice is worth only 50-60% of the value of head rice, meaning that a reduction in HRY can have severe economic repercussions for rice producers. Therefore, maximizing HRY is a major concern. Producers can influence HRY by optimally choosing harvest dates to avoid kernel fissure formation due to rapid moisture adsorption in the field (Kunze 1977). Improper drying and storage procedures can also cause kernel fissuring that can reduce HRY (Daniels et al 1998).While HRY is determined in part by production practices, HRY can vary inexplicably from year to year and often from field to field, making it difficult for producers to predict yearly income and for processors to maintain a consistent end product. Moreover, in a given year, HRY can be uniform in one cultivar of rice and yet variable in another cultivar, leading to the suspicion that some cultivars are more resistant to quality variation. To achieve uniformity in the quality characteristics of rice, it is first necessary to have a clear understanding of the causes of these quality variations.Rice quality can be influenced by genetics and environmental conditions such as ambient temperature during rice plant development (Webb et al 1979). While rice genetics can be altered through breeding programs, environmental temperatures are difficult to predict and can only be manipulated to some extent with the choice of planting dates. Environmental temperature during kernel development may play an integral role in causing the observed, unexplained fluctuations in rice grain quality (Cooper et al 2006).Historical analyses have indicated that decreased yields were ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of Nighttime Temperature During Kernel Development on Rice Physicochemical Properties

2008

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“…Morita et al (2005) reported that both high night temperature (22/34ºC day/night) and high day temperature (34/22ºC day/night) signifi cantly reduced the grain weight as well as the growth duration. Nagato and Chaudhry (1969) observed the depressed growth of cells and the starch accumulation on the dorsal sides of kernels at a high temperature. They suggested that it resulted in poor or insuffi cient accumulation of starch in dorsal ridges and thus enhanced to turn into opaque with whitish band in dorsal regions.…”

Section: Infl Uence Of Temperatures On Growth Rate and Kernel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It was reported that a low temperature (18 ºC) produced defective and small endosperm grains in rice (Hong et al, 1995). Moreover, both immature and green kernels induced by 23ºC were due to inhibition of carbohydrate uptake at early stage of kernel development (Nagato and Chaudhry, 1969). The notched-belly rice kernels also appeared in these grains because of partially stopped development of ventral radius.…”

Section: Infl Uence Of Temperatures On Growth Rate and Kernel Qualitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of Low/High Temperature on Water Status in Developing and Maturing Rice Grains

Funaba

Ishibashi

Molla

et al. 2006

Plant Production Science

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“…The occurrence of chalky kernels is generally caused by high-temperature (Takata, Sakata, Kameshima, Yamamoto, & Miyazaki, 2010;Yoshida & Hara, 1977) and low solar radiation (Kobata, Uemuki, Inamura, & Kagata, 2004;Takata et al, 2010;Tsukaguchi et al, 2012) conditions during the grain-filling stage, and it significantly differs among cultivars (Wakamatsu, Sasaki, Uezono, & Tanaka, 2007). In addition, its occurrence rate differs among spikelet positions within a panicle; the percentage of the chalky kernels is higher on lower secondary branches than on upper primary branches (Kido & Yanatori, 1968;Nagato & Chaudhry, 1969;Oya & Yoshida, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships among the chalkiness, kernel size and endosperm cell morphology of rice kernels at different spikelet positions within a panicle

Miyazaki

Ikeda

Yonemaru

et al. 2018

Plant Production Science

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The occurrence of chalky kernels in rice is causally related to kernel size and endosperm morphology. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of chalky kernels by analyzing kernel size, and the number and area of endosperm cells. Spikelets were sampled from upper and middle primary branches and lower secondary branches in a panicle, and divided into four categories: upper, middle, and lower perfect (PF) kernels and lower milky-white (MW) kernels. On the lower secondary branches, there was a higher percentage of chalky kernels, with smaller kernel lengths, widths and thicknesses, than the kernels on the upper and middle primary branches. MW kernels were smaller in size than PF kernels even on the same lower secondary branches. Regardless of grain appearance quality traits, the total areas of endosperm cross sections in lower kernels were significantly smaller than in upper kernels owing to the decreased cell area, and there was a significant negative correlation between the number of cells and average cell area. When the numbers and the areas of cells were analyzed using angular 30°i ntervals from the line connecting the center point and the dorsal vascular bundle, the MW kernels had significantly less cells than PF kernels near the ventral side at 120-180°. Thus, the decrease in the number of cells near the ventral side was a main causal factor in the decrease in MW kernel widths compared with PF kernel widths, and this suggested that cell division in MW kernels was inhibited at the early grain-filling stage.

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Ripening of Japonica and Indica Type Rice as Influenced by Temperature During Ripening Period

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of Nighttime Temperature During Kernel Development on Rice Physicochemical Properties

Effects of Nighttime Temperature During Kernel Development on Rice Physicochemical Properties

Influence of Low/High Temperature on Water Status in Developing and Maturing Rice Grains

Relationships among the chalkiness, kernel size and endosperm cell morphology of rice kernels at different spikelet positions within a panicle

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