Ripening, storage temperature, ethylene action, and oxidative stress alter apple peel phytosterol metabolism

Rudell, David R.; Buchanan, David; Leisso, Rachel; Whitaker, Bruce D.; Mattheis, James P.; Zhu, Yanmin; Varanasi, Vijay K.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.018

Cited by 55 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Other metabolites previously associated with scald risk include acylated steryl glycosides [21] as well as oleanolic and ursolic acid conjugates [20] Oxidized α-farnesene products, including CTOL, were associated with scald risk prior to scald development as indicated by many prior reports [1, 4, 20]. Because levels increase prior to and decrease as symptoms develop, VIP scores for these metabolites were relatively low and, consequently, they were not ranked highly enough to be included on the VIP list.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree to which cell death is controlled or “programmed” in the case of scald remains uncharacterized, although widespread metabolic changes occur during the storage period prior to disorder development [20, 21]. Little data about gene expression storage is available although a transcriptomic study of an cortex disorder of apples during CA storage revealed gene expression divergences prior to symptom development [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delayed response to cold stress is characterized by successive metabolic shifts culminating in apple fruit peel necrosis

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSuperficial scald is a physiological disorder of apple fruit characterized by sunken, necrotic lesions appearing after prolonged cold storage, although initial injury occurs much earlier in the storage period.To determine the degree to which the transition to cell death is an active process and specific metabolism involved, untargeted metabolic and transcriptomic profiling was used to follow metabolism of peel tissue over 180 d of cold storage.ResultsThe metabolome and transcriptome of peel destined to develop scald began to diverge from peel where scald was controlled using antioxidant (diphenylamine; DPA) or rendered insensitive to ethylene using 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) beginning between 30 and 60 days of storage. Overall metabolic and transcriptomic shifts, representing multiple pathways and processes, occurred alongside α-farnesene oxidation and, later, methanol production alongside symptom development.ConclusionsResults indicate this form of peel necrosis is a product of an active metabolic transition involving multiple pathways triggered by chilling temperatures at cold storage inception rather than physical injury. Among multiple other pathways, enhanced methanol and methyl ester levels alongside upregulated pectin methylesterases are unique to peel that is developing scald symptoms similar to injury resulting from mechanical stress and herbivory in other plants.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-017-1030-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed response to cold stress is characterized by successive metabolic shifts culminating in apple fruit peel necrosis

et al. 2017

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“…These are non-physiological conditions interfering with physiological ethylene production and consequently with the natural progression of fruit ripening and senescence [[6]-[8]]. During postharvest storage, however, many disorders related to abiotic stress may arise due to chilling injuries or hypoxia [[9]-[14]].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target metabolite and gene transcription profiling during the development of superficial scald in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)

et al. 2014

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BackgroundFruit quality features resulting from ripening processes need to be preserved throughout storage for economical reasons. However, during this period several physiological disorders can occur, of which superficial scald is one of the most important, due to the development of large brown areas on the fruit skin surface.ResultsThis study examined the variation in polyphenolic content with the progress of superficial scald in apple, also with respect to 1-MCP, an ethylene competitor interacting with the hormone receptors and known to interfere with this etiology. The change in the accumulation of these metabolites was further correlated with the gene set involved in this pathway, together with two specific VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds), α-farnesene and its oxidative form, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Metabolite profiling and qRT-PCR assay showed these volatiles are more heavily involved in the signalling system, while the browning coloration would seem to be due more to a specific accumulation of chlorogenic acid (as a consequence of the activation of MdPAL and MdC3H), and its further oxidation carried out by a polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO). In this physiological scenario, new evidence regarding the involvement of an anti-apoptotic regulatory mechanism for the compartmentation of this phenomenon in the skin alone was also hypothesized, as suggested by the expression profile of the MdDAD1, MdDND1 and MdLSD1 genes.ConclusionsThe results presented in this work represent a step forward in understanding the physiological mechanisms of superficial scald in apple, shedding light on the regulation of the specific physiological cascade.

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“…15 It was determined 7 μg of total vitamin with consist of 0.5 mg vitamin E, 4 μg vitamin K, 11.0 mg vitamin C, 0.2 mg niacin and 6 μg folic acid in 100 gr apple (ww). 16 Fructose, sucrose, galactose, α-glucose, β-glucose and sorbitol were detected in apple fruit samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been determined that harvesting time, maturation, cold storage, storage conditions affect the amount of phytochemical. 15 It was determined that the environmental parameters can be similar or can change based on the geographical location, the area where the species were collected from the altitude, the time period of measurement and the season. All our studies comply with the observations and results of the research mentioned above, and it is especially important that the nutritive and medicinal characteristics of the M. floribunda that the other fruit types grow can vary (Table 1-8, Figure 1-2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Investigation of Phytochemical Contains, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte From Eastern Turkey

Kırbağ¹,

Aydoğan²

2017

IJPER

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Objective: M. floribunda is an ornamental and landscape plant in Turkey and it's small fruits are consumed as food. Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and phytochemical contents of M. floribunda were investigated. Material and Method: M. floribunda was collected from different localities in the province of Elazig-Turkey. The nutritive value (flavonoid, sugar, fatty acid, vitamin, protein, element), antioxidant (lipid peroxidation, glutathione amounts and DPPH) and antimicrobial activities (on thirteen bacteria, three yeast and two dermatophyte) of M. floribunda were determined. Results: Vitamin (1.73-3.5 µg/g A, 1.32-1.44 µg/g D, 2.75-2.83 µg/g E, 2.64-3.30 µg/g K), flavonoid (33-253 µg/g routine, 93-123 µg/g morin, 0.22-0.32 µg/g quercetin, 292-356 µg/g naringenin), sugar (97-820 µg/g), protein (1.4-1.6 µg/g) and phytosterol (0.27-1.74 µg/g ergosterol, 26-36 µg/g stigmasterol, 95-121 µg/g β-sitosterol and 0.21-0.35 µg/g retinol) levels can vary. In vitro medium, it is determined that in FeCl group, LPO amounts increases in a large ration with respect to the control group and LPO levels in groups which includes plant extracts and FeCl 2 , decreases in certain amounts. It was determined that the radical scavenging activity of the fruits increased due to the dose. Four different fatty acids were identified in the fruit. Fruits were found to different levels of sugar. Vitamin E in the examples were determined high rate. Protein found up to 1.686 mg/g. Ca content was the most detected in the all samples. Extracts inhibited the development of microorganisms at different rates. Conclusion Although studies on this type were limited, similarities and differences were seen in the results compared to other studies.

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Ripening, storage temperature, ethylene action, and oxidative stress alter apple peel phytosterol metabolism

Cited by 55 publications

References 46 publications

Delayed response to cold stress is characterized by successive metabolic shifts culminating in apple fruit peel necrosis

Delayed response to cold stress is characterized by successive metabolic shifts culminating in apple fruit peel necrosis

Target metabolite and gene transcription profiling during the development of superficial scald in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)

The Investigation of Phytochemical Contains, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte From Eastern Turkey

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