Ripple Wave Vector Rotation in Anisotropic Crystal Sputtering

Rusponi, Stefano; Costantini, Giovanni; Boragno, C.; Valbusa, U.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.2735

Cited by 183 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…where N e = [(2π) 3/2 σ z (6σ (16) to Sigmund's distribution (1): decay here is slower [exponential as compared to Gaussian, thus the subscripts in (16)] in the plane perpendicular to the ion trajectory, and energy deposition is null along the ion trajectory itself. On the other hand, distribution (16) is unphysical.…”

Section: Modified Energy Distribution Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…since c < 0 leads to negative probabilities for small ρ values. For this reason, and in order to facilitate analytical results [unavailable for (16) in the physical case of a two dimensional target, see below], we will also consider the following modified Gaussian (thus the subscripts) distribution…”

Section: Modified Energy Distribution Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, the Gaussian form is not universal and consequences of deviations from the Gaussian form within the BH model have not been studied yet. In particular, although the observations of ripples on single crystalline metals 3,15,16 are qualitatively described by the BH model, the latter is strictly a theory for amorphous materials, and thus there is a need to justify theoretically the emergence of such type of patterns onto this other class of substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For non-metallic substrates, for example, one usually needs off-normal incidence of ion flux to produce ripples, which change their orientation with the incidence angle, 2,4,5,10,11,12,13,14 whereas ripples are observed on metallic substrates even at normal incidence, and the orientation of ripples changes with substrate temperature. 3,15,16 Furthermore, the smoothing mechanism of surface diffusion is not well understood yet. In previous simulations, 17 we have found that the emerging patterns depend crucially on the diffusion mechanisms applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, we recover the production of the ripple instability, and the dependence of the pattern features with phenomenological parameters similar to BH theory, thus providing a theoretical framework within which observations of ripples on metals can be naturally accomodated. 3,15,16 II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of collision cascade statistics on pattern formation of ion-sputtered surfaces

et al. 2005

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Theoretical continuum models that describe the formation of patterns on surfaces of targets undergoing ion-beam sputtering, are based on Sigmund's formula, which describes the spatial distribution of the energy deposited by the ion. For small angles of incidence and amorphous or polycrystalline materials, this description seems to be suitable, and leads to the classic BH morphological theory [R. M. Bradley and J. M. E. Harper, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 6, 2390(1988]. Here we study the sputtering of Cu crystals by means of numerical simulations under the binary-collision approximation. We observe significant deviations from Sigmund's energy distribution. In particular, the distribution that best fits our simulations has a minimum near the position where the ion penetrates the surface, and the decay of energy deposition with distance to ion trajectory is exponential rather than Gaussian. We provide a modified continuum theory which takes these effects into account and explores the implications of the modified energy distribution for the surface morphology. In marked contrast with BH's theory, the dependence of the sputtering yield with the angle of incidence is non-monotonous, with a maximum for non-grazing incidence angles.

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Section: Modified Energy Distribution Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modified Energy Distribution Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Influence of collision cascade statistics on pattern formation of ion-sputtered surfaces

et al. 2005

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Nanostructures by Ion Irradiation

Pivin¹

2013

Nanomaterials and Surface Engineering

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Prevalence and impact of pain in diabetic neuropathy

Geerts

Bours

Wit

et al. 2009

European Diabetes Nursing

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Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a serious and common complication of diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of around 30-50%. Aims:To describe the prevalence, severity and medical treatment of painful DNP (PDNP) experienced by patients treated in secondary care; to determine quality of life (QoL) impact and the relationship between severity of pain and severity of DNP. Methods:Cross-sectional, two-phase survey. First, a pain interview was conducted by telephone (219 DNP patients), which covered types of pain, location and duration.Secondly, 50 patients were visited at home. Patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results: Prevalence of PDNP was 57.5%. Average and worst pain scores were 5.3±2.1 and 6.4±2.2, respectively (0-10 scale, 10 = worst pain imaginable). In 70% of patients, average pain was severe (score ≥5). Substantial interference by pain (score ≥4) was found in walking ability, sleep and normal activities. PDNP patients had a decreased QoL for all SF-36 domains (p≤0.01) except for health change.Moreover, symptoms of anxiety (36%) and depression (34%) were reported frequently.Medical treatment was prescribed in 46% of patients, in whom treatment was ineffective in 39%. Physical functioning scores were lower in patients with severe versus moderate DNP (p≤0.01). Conclusions:The prevalence of severe PDNP was high. Severity of DNP was not related to pain severity. PDNP was associated with loss of QoL and with symptoms of anxiety and depression. A considerable proportion of patients did not have medical treatment and, if treatment was given, its impact was disappointing. Medical treatment of PDNP was unsatisfactory and clearly needs to be improved.Eur Diabetes Nursing 2009; 6(2): 58-64

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Ripple Wave Vector Rotation in Anisotropic Crystal Sputtering

Cited by 183 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of collision cascade statistics on pattern formation of ion-sputtered surfaces

Influence of collision cascade statistics on pattern formation of ion-sputtered surfaces

Nanostructures by Ion Irradiation

Prevalence and impact of pain in diabetic neuropathy

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