Ripples revisited: non-classical morphology at the bottom of femtosecond laser ablation craters in transparent dielectrics

Reif, J.; Costache, Florenţa; Henyk, Matthias; Pandelov, Stanislaw

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(02)00450-6

Cited by 347 publications

(198 citation statements)

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“…The observed patterning has starkly contrasting properties to the laser-induced periodic surface structuring observed, to date, in any material [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] including diamond 20,[28][29][30][31] . For incident intensities near the ablation threshold or at the fringes of an ablation spot, ripple-like structures are produced with periodicity approximately equal to the wavelength of the incident light and with direction perpendicular to the laser polarization, except in a few special cases that combine angle of incidence and polarization to perturb the pattern symmetry 25,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…For incident intensities near the ablation threshold or at the fringes of an ablation spot, ripple-like structures are produced with periodicity approximately equal to the wavelength of the incident light and with direction perpendicular to the laser polarization, except in a few special cases that combine angle of incidence and polarization to perturb the pattern symmetry 25,27 . For studies on single-crystal substrates 20,21,[27][28][29][30] , no lattice-polarization angle dependence was observed. To date, ripple formation has been explained in terms of interference effects between the light beam and the lightinduced waves established on the heated surface 32,33 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-photon polarization-selective etching of emergent nano-structures on diamond surfaces

2014

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Optical techniques have advanced considerably in recent years to enable processing of surfaces with a resolution less than the wavelength of light. Despite the highly selective nature of light-matter interactions, however, efforts to increase resolution to the scale of single atoms are hampered by rapid and efficient dissipation of the absorbed energy to the surrounding matrix. Here we show that two-photon surface excitation using ultraviolet light provides a method for selectively removing carbon from diamond surfaces. Polished surfaces etched by this method develop ultra-deep subwavelength structures with morphologies dependent on the polarization of the incident laser with respect to the crystal axes. As well as revealing a practical and versatile method for nano-patterning of diamond surfaces, we show that the results comprise mesoscopic evidence for bond scission via a highly localized optical interaction that may lead to the development of new optical approaches for ultra-nanoscale (o10 nm) surface structuring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-photon polarization-selective etching of emergent nano-structures on diamond surfaces

2014

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“…Ripples having these properties can be produced with either cw lasers or pulsed lasers and are usually referred to as low spatial frequency LIPSSs (LSFLs). Ripples which are either orthogonal [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] or parallel [16][17][18][19] to the polarization, with a periodicity significantly smaller than the laser light, have been observed for laser pulse durations in the picosecond and femtosecond regime. These are often referred to as high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSFLs), and as for LSFLs, they were observed on metals, 18,20 semiconductors, [7][8][9][10][11][12]16,17 and dielectrics as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are often referred to as high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSFLs), and as for LSFLs, they were observed on metals, 18,20 semiconductors, [7][8][9][10][11][12]16,17 and dielectrics as well. [13][14][15]19 The influence of polarization, angle of incidence, and wavelength of a laser beam on LSFL formation strongly indicates that the phenomenon is mainly governed by the electromagnetic field. Emmony et al suggested in 1973 that LSFLs were a consequence of interference between the incident laser beam and surface-scattered waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of HSFL is still under debate and several theories have been proposed to explain their formation, such as self-organization, 13,16 second-harmonic generation, 7,8,12 or the η theory extended with a modification of the optical properties. 12,19,23 It must be noted that the η theory was created to explain LIPSS formation at a time when HSFLs had not yet been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-induced periodic surface structures: Fingerprints of light localization

et al. 2012

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Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to study the inhomogeneous absorption of linearly polarized laser radiation below a rough surface. The results are first analyzed in the frequency domain and compared to the efficacy factor theory of Sipe and coworkers. Both approaches show that the absorbed energy shows a periodic nature, not only in the direction orthogonal to the laser polarization, but also in the direction parallel to it. It is shown that the periodicity is not always close to the laser wavelength for the perpendicular direction. In the parallel direction, the periodicity is about λ/Re(ñ), withñ being the complex refractive index of the medium. The space-domain FDTD results show a periodicity in the inhomogeneous energy absorption similar to the periodicity of the low-and high-spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures depending on the material's excitation.

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LIPSS for SERS: Metal Coated Direct Laser Written Periodic Nanostructures for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Erkızan

İdikut

Demirtaş

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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molecular identification technique that originates from the marriage of the high molecular specificity of Raman spectra and the ultra-high signal amplification property of plasmonic metal nanostructures. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] SERS technique shows great promise in a wide variety of fields including biosensing, gas phase chemical detection, and single molecule detection. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Besides the high and spatially uniform enhancement factor (EF); chemical stability, reproducibility, precision, and fast fabrication in large areas with less debris are demanded for ideal SERS substrates. [16,17] Even though metallic nanoparticles exhibit high SERS EFs, they do not offer proper particle stability, and use in large areas. [18][19][20] Femtosecond laserbased techniques offer the fabrication of highly sensitive SERS substrates with low detection limits. [21][22][23] On the contrary to wet chemical synthesis procedures, uniformity, robustness, and reproducibility are provided by laser-assisted periodic nanostructures. Without any lithographic processes, the number of processes to fabricate highly sensitive SERS sensing devices is also reduced. [24][25][26] Generation of laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) by using the direct laser writing technique with ultrafast (femtosecond -fs) laser sources [27] is a fast and low-cost method compared to other well-established techniques such as laser interference lithography, [28] photolithography, electron beam lithography, and nanoimprint lithography. [29] Controlling the irradiation wavelength, the number of pulses on the spot, the polarization direction of the beam, repetition rate, the fluence of the ultrafast laser, and the scanning speed leads to the formation of the nano ripples on semiconductors and metals. [30][31][32][33][34] Nanoripples formed by an fs-laser can be classified into two, Low Spatial Frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and High Spatial Frequency LIPSS (HSFL). [35] Furthermore, both types of structures, formed on metal and semiconductor surfaces, have potential benefits as a SERS substrate as well. [36][37][38][39][40][41] LSFL structures exhibit periods close to irradiation wavelength, meanwhile; HSFL structures have periods smaller than half of the irradiation wavelength. [35,[42][43][44][45][46] The formation mechanism of LSFL structures was first introduced by Sipe theory in 1982. [47] With the appropriate energy exposure and the high number of free carriers on the surface, the dielectric A novel method of fabricating large-area, low-cost surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is introduced which yields densely nanostructured surfaces utilizing laser-induced periodic surface structuring (LIPSS) of crystalline silicon (Si). Two different interaction regimes yield low spatial frequency (LSFL) and high spatial frequency (HSFL) LIPSS patterns. Nanostructuring of Si surface is followed by deposition of a thin noble metal layer to complete the fabrication procedure. A 50-70 nm thick Ag layer is shown to maximize the SERS perform...

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Ripples revisited: non-classical morphology at the bottom of femtosecond laser ablation craters in transparent dielectrics

Cited by 347 publications

References 10 publications

Two-photon polarization-selective etching of emergent nano-structures on diamond surfaces

Two-photon polarization-selective etching of emergent nano-structures on diamond surfaces

Laser-induced periodic surface structures: Fingerprints of light localization

LIPSS for SERS: Metal Coated Direct Laser Written Periodic Nanostructures for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

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