Riqueza de especies y gremios tróficos de mamíferos carnívoros en una selva alta del sureste de México

Abstract

The region of Los Chimalapas, in the southeastern Mexico has a high biodiversity, but it faces problems of habitat loss, primarily by livestock and agricultural activities. A group that can provide data on these changes is that of the mammals of the order Carnivora, because its members have a variety of size classes, trophic guild or ecological function and respond differently to changes in habitat. This study characterizes the species richness and composition of trophic guilds of the assemblage of the order Carnivora, 29 trapping stations with phototraps were established within the rainforest, from March 2011 to June 2013. There was a collection effort of 8,529 days-trap and it were obtained 543 photographic records of 10 species of the order Carnivora, as well as two additional species recorded by direct observation, so the assemblage was composed of 12 species. Trophic guilds were five: carnivore (5 species), omnivore (4), insectivore (1), frugivorous (1), and the consumer aquatic species (1). The assemblage consist of two species of large size predators, three mesopredators, one species that is considered indicative of good water quality (Lontra longicaudis), and three generalist species (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Puma yagouaroundi, and Procyon lotor), that prefer open areas and that are adapted to zones with disturbance, but with low abundance in the area. Also, 66% of species are in any risk category according to Mexican laws, confirming the importance of the Los Chimalapas for the conservation of Carnivora.

Richness and trophic guilds of carnivorous mammals in ejido Nuevo Becal, Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico

“…Frugivores and insectivores had only a single species each (P. flavus and S. angustifrons). This diversity of guilds was similar to the one recorded in other areas where there is a higher species richness for the carnivorous and omnivorous guilds (Van Valkenburgh 1989;Zapata et al 2008) and a lower abundance of herbivores, frugivores and insectivores (Zapata et al 2008;Dalerum et al 2009;Pérez-Irineo and Santos-Moreno 2013). The richness of the carnivore guild in the study site can be associated to the high diversity of prey in the area.…”

“…The collection effort of through cameratraps was expressed as the number of traps multiplied by the total number of days that these were in operation (traps * day; Medellín et al 2006;Pérez-Irineo and Santos-Moreno 2013;Cruz-Jácome et al 2015). The success of capture, expressed as percentage, was calculated using the total number of captures between the collection effort multiplied by 100 (Pérez-Irineo and Santos-Moreno 2013).…”

“…LTD was expressed as the collection effort deployed (trap-days) before obtaining the first record (Foresman and Pearson 1998;Pérez-Irineo and Santos-Moreno 2013). This allows estimating the approximate number of camera trapdays required to obtain records of the species in the study site (Foresman and Pearson 1998;Pérez-Irineo and SantosMoreno 2013).…”

Análisis espacial y temporal de la estructura de la comunidad de mamíferos medianos y grandes de la Reserva de la Biosfera Selva El Ocote, en el sureste mexicano

“…Este resultado concuerda con lo hallado en otras regiones tropicales de México y del neotrópico (Blake y Loiselle, 2018;Cornejo-Solchaga, 2015; Lira-Torres y Briones-Salas, 2012). C. paca y D. mexicana son especies que pueden ser abundantes a pesar de que son altamente cazadas (Gallina et al, 2012;Pérez-Irineo y Santos-Moreno, 2013). Por ejemplo, se han calculado densidades entre 0.2 a 1 ind./ha y tasas de extracción de 488 ind./ año en el Parque Estatal de la Sierra en Tabasco (Pozo-Montuy et al, 2018).…”

El efecto pardalis: su variación espacial y temporal

“…Puma yagouaroundi presentó mayor densidad en el bosque de pino (0.34 individuos/km 2 ); mientras que en la zona antropizada mostró un valor muy bajo (2.24 -15 individuos/km 2 ). En diferentes estudios conducidos en el sureste mexicano y Sudamérica, esta especie también muestra densidades bajas, estos datos contrastan con lo que comúnmente se cree acerca de esta especie (Pérez-Irineo y Santos-Moreno, 2013, 2014Del Río-García et al, 2014;Hernández-Sánchez et al, 2017). Hay pocos datos acerca de su biología, sin embargo, es el felino neotropical de talla pequeña con la mayor flexibilidad en cuanto a requerimientos de hábitat.…”