Rise and fall of the Eastern Great Indonesian arc recorded by the assembly, dispersion and accretion of the Banda Terrane, Timor

Extreme extension across Seram and Ambon, eastern Indonesia: evidence for Banda slab rollback

“…1) is the product of complex collision between Eurasia, Australia, and the Pacific (Caroline and Philippine Sea plates) since the Late Oligocene (van Bemmelen, 1949;Hamilton, 1979;Bowin et al, 1980;Katili, 1989;Milsom et al, 2001;Hall, 2002Hall, , 2012Hinschberger et al, 2005;Harris, 2006;Nugroho et al, 2009;Villeneuve et al, 2010;Watkinson et al, 2012). Much of the convergence has been accommodated by northward subduction of the Indian Ocean along the Sunda Trench (Widiyantoro and van der Hilst, 1997), by left-lateral slip within the Sorong Fault Zone across northernmost New Guinea (Visser and Hermes, 1962;Pieters et al, 1983;Charlton, 1996), and by the complete subduction of the double-dipping Molucca Sea slab eastwards beneath Halmahera and westwards beneath Sulawesi (McCaffrey et al, 1980).…”

“…Alternatively, it has been proposed that the formation of the Banda Arc involves subduction rollback (Hamilton, 1979;Hall, , 2002Hall, , 2012Milsom et al, 2001;Hinschberger et al, 2005;Harris, 2006;Spakman and Hall, 2010;Widiyantoro et al, 2011). Recent plate reconstructions by Hall ( , 2002Hall ( , 2012 and Spakman and Hall (2010) have modelled the rollback of a single slab into a preexisting D-shaped oceanic embayment in the Australian continental margin.…”

Palaeoceanography and biogeography in the Early Jurassic Panthalassa and Tethys Oceans

“…In light of existing work on paleoclimate models, and in accord with the aim of this paper, the study of the pattern of surface currents and its implications in the palaeobiogeography of the main Early Jurassic fossil groups, a new conceptual circulation model for the Early Juras sic has been proposed. The conceptual palaeoceanographic approach presented here elaborates on the similar procedure used by Stehli (1965), Berggren and Hollister (1977), Lloyd (1982), Parrish (1982), Parrish and Curtis (1982), Wilde (1991), Christiansen and Stouge (1999) using primary oceanographic circulation principles to hypothesize on the maj or current pat-2004; Takagi and Arai, 2003;Ziegler et aL, 2001;Scotese, 2002;Golonka, 2004Golonka, , 2007Harris, 2006). The Early Jurassic palaeogeography shows all continents assembled in a large landmass, the Pangaea, centred over the Equator (from 800N to 800S), surrounded by a huge world-wide Panthalassa Ocean and with a wedge shaped sea into its eastern margin, the Tethys Ocean (Dewey et aI., 1973;Smith et aI., 1973;Bju-Duval et aI., 1977;Owen, 1983;Dercourt et ai., 1985;Ziegler, 1988;Van der Voo, 1993, Acharyya, 1999Scotese, 2002;Golonka and Kiessling, 2002;Golonka, 2007).…”

Carbonate pelagites in the post-Gondwana succession (Cretaceous – Neogene) of East Timor

“…Later mapping of the entire island by the Geological Survey of Indonesia (Rosidi et al 1981;Bachri & Situmorang 1994;Partoyo et al 1995) increased knowledge of stratigraphic relationships, as did detailed local studies, particularly in West Timor. Based on the geological complexity found in these studies, a view emerged that the main tectonostratigraphic units in Timor ( Figure 2) include: (i) the Permian to Middle Jurassic Gondwana Megasequence deposited in an intracratonic setting; (ii) the Late Jurassic to Neogene Kolbano Megasequence deposited on the Australian continental margin; (iii) the Banda Terrane of Asian affinity emplaced in the collision zone during the late Neogene; (iv) the Bobonaro Mélange including block-in-clay mélange, broken formation, and mud-injection facies, that formed during the late Neogene collision; and (v) a relatively undeformed Viqueque Megasequence that records the emergence of present-day Timor (Carter et al 1976;Barber et al 1977Barber et al , 1986Harris et al 1998Harris et al , 2000Audley-Charles 2004;Harris 2006). From a different viewpoint, Villeneuve et al (2005) recognised a para-autochthonous unit of the Australian margin (equivalent to the Kolbano Megasequence); a para-allochthonous unit representing a Gondwanan block, detached during the Jurassic, that collided with Asia during the Oligocene; an allochthonous unit equivalent, in part, to the Banda Terrane; a subautochthonous unit associated with the opening of the Banda Sea and formation of the Banda Arc; and a PlioPleistocene autochthonous unit deposited in the vicinity of present-day Timor.…”