Rise of a near-wall liquid film over the outer surface of a nozzle accompanying supersonic gas flow into vacuum

Jet Expansion of Gas with Near-Wall Liquid Film from Nozzle into Vacuum

“…This effect is connected to a turn of a gas flow around the exit edge in the PrandtlMayer wave. It was discovered that near-wall liquid film moving down on an inner surface of the nozzle not only breaks up into droplets at the exit edge of the nozzle but also emerges onto the external surface of the nozzle, moving backwards on it, even against gravity (Prikhodko et al 2004).…”

Numerical Study of Backflow for Nozzle Plumes Expanding into Vacuum

“…Flow computations are performed for two different conical nozzles, which will be hereafter referred to as Nozzle 1 and Nozzle 2. Nozzle 1 is the nozzle used by Rothe 11 in his experiments on the low-Reynoldsnumber nozzle flows, while Nozzle 2 is from the recent experiments of Yarygin et al 5,12 performed at the Institute of Thermophysics (Novosibirsk). The geometric parameters of the nozzle and flow conditions for both cases considered are listed in Table 1.…”

“…First, the low-Reynolds-number nozzle flow with a thick boundary layer and only a small inviscid core, which was studied experimentally by Rothe, 11 is considered. Second, a moderate-Reynolds-number flow corresponding to the conditions of recent experiments 5,12 at the Institute of Thermophysics (Novosibirsk) is simulated. Further, the flowfields obtained are utilized in computations of droplet motion using a Lagrangian particle code.…”

Near-wall liquid film outflow of water-ethanol mixture from cylindrical channel into vacuum

“…Also the co-current flow of gas has significant effect on behavior of a wall liquid film both when moving inside the channel and under ejection into vacuum. In experimental studies [4] it was shown that at the exit edge of the nozzle the wall film of liquid not only breaks up into droplets, but also emerges on the external surface of the channel, moving on it in the opposite direction, even against gravitation force. Under ejection into atmosphere the revealed effect is absent, and the ordinary gas-droplet flow takes place behind the exit cross-section of the channel.…”

“…Experimental studies [5] have shown that amount of liquid carried away by gas flow can reach significant values (tens of percent of the liquid initial flow rate). Note that only ethanol was used as working liquid in studies [4,5]. Current paper is devoted to experimental study of water-ethanol mixtures (with concentration from 0 to 100%) ejection with co-current gas flow from cylindrical channel into rarefied space.…”