Rising Healthcare Expenditure – Demand Side: A Systematic Review

doi:10.32827/ijphcs.6.2.58

Cited by 2 publications

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References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, the foreknowledge of being at risk of a heavy financial burden does not strongly mitigate care-seeking behavior in health emergencies. Patients suffering from sudden illness or injury are likely to seek healthcare regardless of ability to pay, for themselves and for their friends and family, reflecting price inelastic demand [13]. This exposes them to catastrophic expenditures in health systems that do not offer financial protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between universal health coverage and the disease burden of acute illness and injury at the global level

et al. 2023

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Background This study examines the relationship between universal health coverage (UHC) and the burden of emergency diseases at a global level. Methods Data on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from emergency conditions were extracted from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) database for the years 2015 and 2019. Data on UHC, measured using two variables 1) coverage of essential health services and 2) proportion of the population spending more than 10% of household income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure, were extracted from the World Bank Database for years preceding our outcome of interest. A linear regression was used to analyze the association between UHC variables and DALYs for emergency diseases, controlling for other variables. Results A total of 132 countries were included. The median national coverage of essential health services index was 67.5/100, while the median national prevalence of catastrophic spending in the sample was 6.74% of households. There was a strong significant relationship between health service coverage and the burden of emergency diseases, with an 11.5-point reduction in DALYs of emergency medical diseases (95% CI -9.5, -14.8) for every point increase in the coverage of essential health services index. There was no statistically significant relationship between catastrophic expenditures and the burden of emergency diseases, which may be indicative of inelastic demand in seeking services for health emergencies. Conclusion Increasing the coverage of essential health services, as measured by the essential health services index, is strongly correlated with a reduction in the burden of emergency conditions. In addition, data affirms that financial protection remains inadequate in many parts of the globe, with large numbers of households experiencing significant economic duress related to seeking healthcare. This evidence supports a strategy of strengthening UHC as a means of combating death and disability from health emergencies, as well as extending protection against impoverishment related to healthcare expenses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between universal health coverage and the disease burden of acute illness and injury at the global level

et al. 2023

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The economic effect of financial compensation in China’s healthcare system: comprehensive insights regarding supply and demand factors

Guo,

Hong,

et al. 2024

Health Econ Rev

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Objectives We aim to analyse the effects of government subsidies on residents’ health and healthcare expenditure from the perspectives of supply and demand. Data and methods According to the regional division adopted in the data query system of the National Bureau of Statistics, this study divides 31 provinces and cities into three regions: eastern, central, and western. The data used are from public databases, such as the “China Statistical Yearbook,” “China Health Statistical Yearbook,” and “Government Final Account Report”. In this study, mathematical model derivation is used to construct a fixed effects model, and an empirical study based on cross-sectional data and general linear regression is conducted. To prevent endogeneity issues, this study introduces instrumental variables and uses 2SLS regression to further analyse the output results. Results For every 1% increase in supplementary funding on the supply side, the perinatal mortality rate decreases by 1.765%, while for every 1% increase in financial compensation on the demand side, per capita outpatient expenses increase by 0.225% and per capita hospitalization expenses increase by 0.196%. Regarding medical resources, for every 1% increase in the number of beds per 1,000 people, per capita hospitalization expenses decrease by 0.099%. In the central and eastern regions, where economic levels are higher, supply-side government funding is more effective than demand-side funding. In contrast, demand-side funding is more effective in the western region. Conclusions The roles of multiple influencing factors and significant regional heterogeneity are clarified. Increasing financial compensation to providers positively impacts perinatal mortality but leads to higher per capita outpatient and hospital expenditures. Finally, this study provides targeted policy recommendations and solid theoretical support for policymakers.

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Rising Healthcare Expenditure – Demand Side: A Systematic Review

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Association between universal health coverage and the disease burden of acute illness and injury at the global level

Association between universal health coverage and the disease burden of acute illness and injury at the global level

The economic effect of financial compensation in China’s healthcare system: comprehensive insights regarding supply and demand factors

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