Risk Analysis and Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Domestic Swine in Northeast Brazil

Oliveira-Filho, Edmilson F.; Lopes, Kennya G. S.; Cunha, Deivson S; Silva, Virgínia Santiago; Barbosa, Clara Nilce; Brandespim, Daniel Friguglietti; Pinheiro, José Wilton; Bertani, Giovani R.; Gil, Laura H. V. G.

doi:10.1007/s12560-017-9292-6

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our results are the first confirmation of HEV circulating among domestic swine farms in Northeast Brazil. The HEV RNA prevalence rate found here is markedly low considering the seroprevalence rates of up to 95% found in the same region 9 . Nevertheless, our findings are similar to those obtained in other countries such as Germany, China, Japan, and India 13 …”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…A total of 119 faecal samples were individually collected in 2017 from two to six-month-old animals from eight farms using both intensive and extensive production systems located within a high HEV seroprevalence area 9 . Viral RNA was extracted from a 200 µL faecal suspension using the ReliaPrep™ Viral Total Nucleic Acid Purification Kit (Promega, Brazil) and screened by a previously described real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method 10 using the NextGeneration ECO One-Step HotStart RT-qPCR Kit (DNA Express Biotecnologia, Brazil).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil

Oliveira-Filho

Santos

Durães-Carvalho

et al. 2019

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging virus associated with acute hepatic disease, leads to thousands of deaths worldwide. HEV has already been reported in Brazil; however, there is a lack of epidemiological and molecular information on the genetic variability, taxonomy, and evolution of HEV. It is thus unclear whether hepatitis E is a neglected disease in Brazil or it has low relevance for public health in this country. Here, for the first time, we report the presence of HEV in Northeast Brazil. A total of 119 swine faecal samples were screened for the presence of HEV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further confirmed by conventional RT-PCR; among these, two samples were identified as positive. Molecular evolution analyses based on capsid sequences revealed that the samples had close proximities to HEV sequences belonging to genotype 3 and were genetically related to subtype 3f isolated in humans. Parsimony ancestral states analysis indicated gene flow events from HEV cross-species infection, suggesting an important role of pig hosts in viral spillover. HEV’s ability for zoonotic transmission by inter-species host switching as well as its possible adaptation to new animal species remain important issues for human health.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil

Oliveira-Filho

Santos

Durães-Carvalho

et al. 2019

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…In addition, HEV gt3 has been found in local pig populations and humans. HEV gt1 infection is very uncommon (Passos-Castilho et al 2015;de Oliveira-Filho et al 2017). The epidemiology of HEV in Latin America appears to bear close similarity to that found in developed countries such as Europe.…”

Section: Latin Americamentioning

confidence: 90%

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and 4 Infections

Dalton

Izopet

2018

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med

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Following the introduction of robust serological and molecular tools, our understanding of the epidemiology of zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) has improved considerably in recent years. Current thinking suggests that consumption of pork meat products is the key route of infection in humans, but it is certainly not the only one. Other routes of infection include environmental spread, contaminated water, and via the human blood supply. The epidemiology of HEV genotype (gt)3 and gt4 is complex, as there are several sources and routes of infection, and it is likely that these vary between and within countries and over time.

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“…Various farm production systems are associated with HEV prevalence [54][55][56]. The factor 'farming system' comprises management measures that probably have a direct effect on aspects of the MSEIR-En modelling for HEV transmission.…”

Section: Farm Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, De Oliveira-Filho et al found no difference between intensive (indoor) farms and extensive (free-ranging) farms (2017). Semi-intensive production was associated with a lower HEV seroprevalence, although the definition of semi-intensive was not given [55].…”

Section: Farm Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms – a review

et al. 2021

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Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 is a zoonosis that causes hepatitis in humans. Humans can become infected by consumption of pork or contact with pigs. Pigs are the main reservoir of the virus worldwide and the virus is present on most pig farms. Main body Though HEV is present on most farms, the proportion of infected pigs at slaughter and thus the level of exposure to consumers differs between farms and countries. Understanding the cause of that difference is necessary to install effective measures to lower HEV in pigs at slaughter. Here, HEV studies are reviewed that include infection dynamics of HEV in pigs and on farms, risk factors for HEV farm prevalence, and that describe mechanisms and sources that could generate persistence on farms. Most pigs become infected after maternal immunity has waned, at the end of the nursing or beginning of the fattening phase. Risk factors increasing the likelihood of a high farm prevalence or proportion of actively infected slaughter pigs comprise of factors such as farm demographics, internal and external biosecurity and immunomodulating coinfections. On-farm persistence of HEV is plausible, because of a high transmission rate and a constant influx of susceptible pigs. Environmental sources of HEV that enhance persistence are contaminated manure storages, water and fomites. Conclusion As HEV is persistently present on most pig farms, current risk mitigation should focus on lowering transmission within farms, especially between farm compartments. Yet, one should be aware of the paradox of increasing the proportion of actively infected pigs at slaughter by reducing transmission insufficiently. Vaccination of pigs may aid HEV control in the future.

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Risk Analysis and Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Domestic Swine in Northeast Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil

Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil

Transmission and Epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and 4 Infections

Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms – a review

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