Risk analysis systems for veterinary biologicals : a regulator's tool box

Osborne, Carl G.; McElvaine, M D; Ahl, Alwynelle S.; Glosser, James W.

doi:10.20506/rst.14.4.890

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Several of the earliest articles selected were reviews describing the evolution of the qualitative RA process, or elements of it with fundamentals such as defined terminology still under discussion ( 12 , 13 ). It was noted even in its infancy, however, that for qualitative RA to fulfill its purpose it is necessary to have a common set of methods and technologies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of qualitative risk assessment in animal health: Suggestions for best practice

Horigan

Simons²,

Kavanagh³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Qualitative risk assessment (QRA) can provide decision support in line with the requirement for an objective, unbiased assessment of disease risk according to the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures of the World Trade Organization. However, in order for a QRA to be objective and consistently applied it is necessary to standardize the approach as much as possible. This review considers how QRAs have historically been used for the benefit of animal health, what problems have been encountered during their progression, and considers best practice for their future use. Four main elements were identified as having been the subject of some proposed standard methodology: (i) the description of risk levels, (ii) combining probabilities, (iii) accounting for trade volume and time period, and (iv) uncertainty. These elements were addressed in different ways but were highlighted as being fundamental to improving the robustness in estimating the risk and conveying the results to the risk manager with minimal ambiguity. In line with this, several tools have been developed which attempt to use mathematical reasoning to incorporate uncertainty and improve the objectivity of the qualitative framework. This represents an important advance in animal health QRA. Overall, animal health QRAs have established their usefulness by providing a tool for rapid risk estimation which can be used to identify important chains of events and critical control points along risk pathways and inform risk management programmes as to whether or not the risk exceeds a decision-making threshold above which action should be taken. Ensuring a robust objective methodology is used and that the reasons for differences in results, such as assumptions and uncertainty are clearly described to the customer with minimal ambiguity is essential to maintain confidence in the QRA process. However, further work needs to be done to determine if one objective uniform methodology should be developed and considered best practice. To this end, a set of best practice guidelines presenting the optimal way to conduct a QRA and regulated by bodies such as the World Organization for Animal Health or the European Food Safety Authority would be beneficial.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and scope of qualitative risk assessments resulting from the search criteria by year. fundamentals such as defined terminology still under discussion (12,13). It was noted even in its infancy, however, that for qualitative RA to fulfill its purpose it is necessary to have a common set of methods and technologies.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of qualitative risk assessment in animal health: Suggestions for best practice

Horigan

Simons²,

Kavanagh³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…There are several published reviews of methods used in import risk assessment^including Kellar (1993), MacDiarmid (1993) and OIE (1994) for animal health; Moreau (1995), Osborne, McElvaine, Ahl and Glosser (1995) and Silva, Samagh and Morley (1995) for veterinary biologicals; and IPPC (1995) and McNamara (1995) for plant health. Reviews are available on trends in both animal and plant import risk assessment in the United States (Chang, Miller, Ahl and McElvaine 1994) and Canada (APHD 1994;Bosse¨et al 1996), and on the incorporation of economic studies into import risk assessment (Dijkhuizen, Huirne and Jalvingh 1995;Dijkhuizen, Horst and Jalvingh 1996).…”

Section: Methods For Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarantine Risk Analysis

Nunn

1997

Aus J Agri & Res Econ

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Australia’s quarantine policy is based on the concept of manageable risk, which is underpinned by quarantine risk analysis, which this article examines with particular reference to recommendations of the 1996 Australian Quarantine Review. Quarantine risk assessment addresses disease concerns associated with any particular proposed import and may also require detailed examination of possible economic and environmental effects. The degree of quantification varies, and more quantitative approaches may be either deterministic or stochastic. Assessments consider both the probability of an event occurring and its consequences, including the direct economic effect of any introduction of an exotic disease.

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“…food chain, but which do not reproduce. Early work on risk assessment for replicating organisms focused on the likelihood of introducing plant or animal pests or diseases into a country or region through imported commodities (13,22,24) or veterinary biologicals (27). However, use of risk assessment to predict the likelihood of occurrence and growth or spread of replicating organisms is relatively recent.…”

Section: Salmonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment

Ahl¹,

Buntain²

1997

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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Food safety related to the consumption of animal-derived protein encompasses a wide variety of production and processing procedures which begins with the farm and inputs to the animals on the farm (e.g. feed and water) and includes the environment in which animals are reared. Hazards may be physical, artificial or naturally-occurring chemicals, organisms which cannot reproduce outside a specified life-cycle (e.g., parasites such as tapeworm in pigs) or viruses. Other microbes reproduce in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals as well as on the surface of food and in the environment. Methods of risk assessment for physical and chemical hazards have been used for many years. However, with microbial pathogens which can survive and grow on meat, in soil, water or other media, risk assessment methods are at the early stages of development. Due to the broad habitat range, the role of microbial pathogens in the food safety of meat, poultry, fruit and vegetables is important. The use of antibiotics in livestock species may accelerate the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of microbial pathogens, potentially complicating treatment for both animals and humans. The authors discuss the food chain, risk analysis and hazard analysis and critical control points in relation to foodborne pathogens, and introduce general strategies for improving pathogen control on the farm.

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Risk analysis systems for veterinary biologicals : a regulator's tool box

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

A review of qualitative risk assessment in animal health: Suggestions for best practice

A review of qualitative risk assessment in animal health: Suggestions for best practice

Quarantine Risk Analysis

Risk and the food safety chain: animal health, public health and the environment

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