Risk and protective behaviours for residential carbon monoxide poisoning

Abstract

Background Unintentional, non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of poisoning death and injury in the USA. Residential poisonings caused by faulty furnaces are the most common type of CO exposure. However, these poisonings are largely preventable with annual furnace inspections and CO alarm installation. Objective This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that might lead consumers to adopt these protective behaviours. Methods In August 2009, four focus groups (n¼29) were conducted with homeowners in Chicago, Illinois, USA, to identify the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that lead consumers to adopt risk and protective behaviours. Discussions were transcribed and the findings were analysed using an ordered meta-matrix. Results Focus group participants were aware of CO poisoning and supported the idea of regular furnace inspections. However, few participants consistently scheduled professional inspections for fear of costly repairs and unscrupulous contractors. Participants often owned CO alarms, but many did not locate them properly, nor maintain them. Some participants confused CO and natural gas and were unsure how to react if a CO alarm sounds. Participants stated that incentives, such as discounts and inspector selection tips, would make them more likely to schedule furnace inspections. Participants also identified trustworthy sources for CO education, including realtors, fire departments, home insurance agents and local media outlets. Conclusions Participants' residential CO risk behaviours are not random but driven by underlying knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Correcting misperceptions, providing incentives and partnering with trustworthy sources might encourage greater consumer adoption of protective behaviours. BACKGROUND

Measuring public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to radon to inform cancer control activities and practices

“…In 2016, 88% of homebuyers purchased their home through a real estate agent and 79% of homebuyers report that their real estate agents were a “very useful” source of information . In addition, one previous study found realtors were considered a trustworthy source of information regarding carbon monoxide detectors among homeowners . Together, our study and previously published ones highlight the role of real estate agents in identifying and addressing health issues in homes, and demonstrate the unique role they can play in cancer control.…”

“…22 In addition, one previous study found realtors were considered a trustworthy source of information regarding carbon monoxide detectors among homeowners. 23 Together, our study and previously published ones highlight the role of real estate agents in identifying and addressing TA B L E 2 Knowledge and awareness of radon and sources of radon-related information by state policy type (N = 995) .14 a For cell counts with less than five expected responses, Fisher's exact test was calculated. Statistical significance was regarded as a two-sided P-value <.05 b Among persons who reported "yes" to having heard about health issues related to radon (n = 860).…”

Occupational carbon monoxide fatalities in the US from unintentional non‐fire related exposures, 1992–2008

“…Exposures can be controlled or minimized through education, properly maintained equipment, ventilation controls, and the use of continuous CO detectors/alarms. Education is important because even in people who are aware of the dangers of CO poisoning, preventative measures (such as appropriate placement of CO detectors, or procedures to follow once CO is detected) are not always performed properly [Rupert et al, 2013]. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends limiting CO exposures below 35 parts per million time weighted average concentration during a work shift [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1972].…”

Storm-Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

“…However, these efforts largely occurred post-landfall when many communication channels were compromised and homeowners were already in the process of taking recovery actions. Although recurring education is important, such efforts may be most effective in preventing nonemergency CO poisoning associated with furnaces and other household appliances (Rupert, Poehlman, Damon, & Williams, 2013).…”