Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use and Partner Violence Among Women in Emergency Care

Gilbert, Louisa; El‐Bassel, Nabila; Chang, Mingway; Shaw, Stacey A.; Wu, Elwin; Roy, L

doi:10.1002/jcop.21557

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Approximately a third reported experiencing sexual IPV. This finding supports previous research that shows perpetration of IPV by drug-involved male sex partners is pervasive (El-Bassel et al, 2011; 2010; Gilbert et al, 2013; Gilchrist, Blázquez, & Torrens, 2012; Mattson, O'Farrell, Lofgreen, Cunningham, & Murphy, 2012; Zaha, Helm, Baker, & Hayes, 2013). The finding that FWID reported a higher prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) than non-IDU women is consistent with other studies conducted in different countries showing that CSA is more widespread in women who inject or use drugs when compared to the general population of women (El-Bassel et al, 2011; 2010; Meade et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Non-IDU female sex partners may use drugs such marijuana and alcohol to cope with IPV and other traumatic events as a result of being with MWID (Gilbert et al, 2013). Binge drinking and the use of non-injection drugs have been associated with failure to use condoms, having multiple sex partners, and increased rates of HIV and STI acquisition among women (Baliunas, Rehm, Irving, & Shuper, 2010; Chersich & Rees, 2010; Meade et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV risks among injecting and non-injecting female partners of men who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Implications for HIV prevention, research, and policy

El‐Bassel¹,

Gilbert²,

Terlikbayeva³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Kazakhstan and other countries in Central Asia are experiencing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic, which has historically been driven by injection drug use, but is more recently being fueled by heterosexual transmission. Methods This paper examines HIV and HCV infection, as well as sexual and drug-related risks among female partners of men who inject drugs (MWID), comparing females who inject drugs (FWID) to non-injecting female partners on socio-demographic, relationship context, and structural characteristics. Results The prevalence rate of HIV was 30.1% among FWID and 10.4% among non-IDU female partners of MWID. The prevalence rate of HCV was 89.8% among FWID and 14.8% among female non-IDUs. Less than one-fifth of all female participants had access to HIV education and services or harm reduction programs. Although high rates of non-injection drug use and sexual risk behaviors were found among both FWID and non-injecting female partners of MWID, we found that FWID were more likely to be HIV seropositive (aRR = 3.03; 95% CI = 1.78, 5.18) and HCV seropositive than non-IDU females (aRR = 6.05; 95% CI = 4.05, 9.04), were more likely to have used alcohol or drugs before sex (aRR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.40, 2.00), and were more likely to have used sedatives, barbiturates, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, or painkillers that were not prescribed by a physician (aRR = 17.45; 95% CI = 8.01, 38.01). Conclusion Given the spread of the HIV epidemic to heterosexual partners in Kazakhstan, more attention is needed in research, prevention, and policies regarding female partners of male injection drug users.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV risks among injecting and non-injecting female partners of men who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Implications for HIV prevention, research, and policy

El‐Bassel¹,

Gilbert²,

Terlikbayeva³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Similar micro-social contexts exist surrounding condom use in intimate relationships, where protection is rarely used because of love, trust, and commitment (9; 11; 16; 38; 42••; 46). Condom use remains low in intimate relationships when compared to sex with casual and commercial partners (9; 14).…”

Section: Trust and Commitment In Intimate Relationships And Hiv Risksmentioning

confidence: 96%

People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Two to Combat HIV

et al. 2014

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We reviewed papers published during the past 18 months (2012-2013) focusing on micro-social contexts of gender and power inequalities as drivers of HIV risks among people who inject drugs (PWID) in intimate heterosexual relationships. Although there has been a proliferation of social and behavioral research on the micro-social contexts of drug injection in heterosexual intimate relationships, there is still a gap in knowledge of these issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Research has identified couple-based approaches for PWID in intimate relationships as an effective HIV prevention strategy to address micro-social contexts driving HIV risks. While HIV incidence has declined in many countries, prevalence remains at troubling levels among PWID and transmission from PWID to their sex partners is increasing in many parts of the world. HIV prevention among drug-using couples must address the importance of the relationship dyad and micro-social contexts.

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“…Using drugs or alcohol as a way of coping with the pain or as a result of PTSD from IPV might suggest the need for a trauma-informed intervention that will improve self-regulation and coping skills to deal with negative thoughts and emotions. 38 Given the high rate of HIV and STIs among women with co-occurring IPV and SUDs, interventions need to consider the unique challenges women with SUDs encounter in protecting themselves during risky sexual or drug-related situations with abusive partners. 1 A recent meta-analysis of integrated IPV and substance abuse interventions among women identified 11 intervention studies that met review criteria.…”

Section: Advancing Evidence-based Differential Integrated Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and Intervening with Substance-Using Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Phenomenology, Comorbidities, and Integrated Approaches Within Primary Care and Other Agency Settings

Weaver

Gilbert²,

El‐Bassel³

et al. 2015

Journal of Women's Health

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Substance use and/or disorders (SUDs) have been identified as a significant correlate of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure and present complex issues that intersect with the topography of IPV, attendant mental health, and physical co-morbidities and may pose barriers to primary care-and other agency-based screening and intervention efforts. Despite substantial research indicating significantly higher rates of all types and severity of IPV victimization among women with SUDs and bidirectional associations between partner or selfuse of drugs or alcohol and IPV victimization, effective screening, brief interventions, coordinated systems of care, and treatment approaches to address these co-occurring problems remain very limited. We integrated select research examining the intersection of IPV victimization and SUDs and several comorbidities that have significant public health impact and provided recommendations for scaling up targeted interventions to redress these co-occurring problems among women in primary, emergency, and other care settings.

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Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Use and Partner Violence Among Women in Emergency Care

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

HIV risks among injecting and non-injecting female partners of men who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Implications for HIV prevention, research, and policy

HIV risks among injecting and non-injecting female partners of men who inject drugs in Almaty, Kazakhstan: Implications for HIV prevention, research, and policy

People Who Inject Drugs in Intimate Relationships: It Takes Two to Combat HIV

Identifying and Intervening with Substance-Using Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Phenomenology, Comorbidities, and Integrated Approaches Within Primary Care and Other Agency Settings

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