Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Deployed Danish Soldiers From 1990 to 2009

Ejdesgaard, Bo Andersen; Zøllner, Lilian; Jensen, Børge Frank; H, Jørgensen; Kähler, Henrik

doi:10.7205/milmed-d-13-00353

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Childhood physical abuse (Yehuda et al, 2015) is important to consider, for both suicide and violence in veterans (Begic & Jokic-Begic, 2001; Gallaway et al, 2012; Hellmuth et al, 2012; Lenhardt et al, 2012; MacManus et al, 2012; Stappenbeck et al, 2014; Youssef et al, 2013). Further, studies of veterans examining PTSD need also to analyze suicide and violence risk factors such as alcohol and drug abuse (Ejdesgaard, Zøllner, Jensen, Jørgensen, & Kähler, 2015; Elbogen et al, 2014b; Ganzini, Edwards, Surkan, & Drummond, 1995; Ilgen, Conner, Valenstein, Austin, & Blow, 2010; Jakupcak et al, 2007; Lehmann, McCormick, & Kizer, 1999; Owens et al, 2014), major depressive disorder (MDD) (Conner et al, 2014; Ilgen, Conner, et al, 2010; Nock et al, 2014; Pietrzak et al, 2011; Sherman, Sautter, Jackson, Lyons, & Han, 2006; Taft et al, 2005; Teten, Schumacher, Bailey, & Kent, 2009) or physical pain (Elbogen et al, 2014a; Ilgen, Zivin, et al, 2010; Kerns, Otis, Rosenberg, & Reid, 2003; Plagge, Lu, Lovejoy, Karl, & Dobscha, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Elbogen¹,

Wagner²,

Kimbrel³

et al. 2018

Psychological Assessment

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Suicide and violence are significant problems in a subset of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. This study investigates how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and resilience in veterans are associated with suicidal ideation and violent impulses while controlling for known covariates of both adverse outcomes. Structured clinical interviews were conducted of N = 2,543 Iraq/Afghanistan-era U.S. veterans. Compared with veterans denying suicidal ideation or violent impulses (n = 1,927), veterans endorsing both (n = 171) were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD, report childhood abuse, combat exposure, physical pain symptoms, and drug misuse, and less likely to endorse self-direction/life purpose. Veterans reporting concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses had higher odds of misusing drugs and reporting pain symptoms relative to veterans reporting suicidal ideation only (n = 186) and had lower odds of endorsing self-direction/life purpose compared with veterans reporting violent impulses only (n = 259). The findings underscore the importance of examining drug abuse, physical pain symptoms, and self-direction/life purpose, as well as PTSD and history of trauma, in the context of clinical assessment and empirical research aimed at optimizing risk management of suicide and violence in military veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Elbogen¹,

Wagner²,

Kimbrel³

et al. 2018

Psychological Assessment

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“…The prevalences of suicide and SAs among Danish Army military personnel have in previous studies been found to be lower or at the same level as in the general Danish population. 47,48 Suicide rates among service members of the US Army have historically been lower than that of the general US population. However, that has changed in recent years, and the suicide rate of US service members is now higher than that of the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combat Exposure and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among Danish Army Military Personnel

Vedtofte¹,

Elrond²,

Erlangsen³

et al. 2021

J. Clin. Psychiatry

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Objective:The aim of this study was to estimate the association between self-reported perceived danger during deployment, measured as combat exposure or witnessing the consequences of war, and post-deployment suicide attempts among military personnel. Furthermore, the effect of post-deployment symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression on the risk of suicide attempts was also evaluated.Methods: This observational cohort study included Danish Army military personnel who returned from deployment in international missions from 1998 to 2016 and had completed a post-deployment questionnaire. Perceived exposure to danger was ascertained by self-report. Data on suicide attempt were retrieved from national registers. Adjusted Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate if military personnel indicating high level of combat exposure were more likely to have attempted suicides post-deployment than military personnel with lower levels of combat exposure.Results: Eighty-three suicide attempts were registered after homecoming among 12,218 military personnel. Perceived higher exposure to combat was associated with the risk of suicide attempt (hazard ratio = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16). Furthermore, the association between combat exposure and suicide attempt was fully mediated by post-deployment symptoms of PTSD and/ or depression. No association was found between witnessing consequences of war and the risk of post-deployment suicide attempt.Conclusions: This nationwide study found that combat exposure was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt among military personnel. This association was, however, fully mediated by mental disorders (PTSD and/or depression). These findings suggest that better psychological follow-up of military personnel identified as having PTSD and/or depression may be warranted.

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“…Research on protective factors indicates that many factors identified as protective for civilians, including family and social support, religious affiliation and participation, spirituality and meaning in life, a sense of control and effectiveness, and current mental health treatment, may also serve to protect military members from completing a suicide (Bryan, Graham, & Roberge, 2015;Pietrzak et al, 2010). Protective factors specific to the military documented by others include additional social support from the member's unit, perception of supportive leadership, strong peer-to-peer (i.e., soldier to soldier) relationships (Nock et al, 2013), and public support for military service (Ejdesgaard, Zollner, Jensen, Jorgensen, & Kahler, 2015). Indeed, the perception of social support specific to one's military unit has been shown to buffer against the negative effects of stress, the development of PTSD and other psychological disorders, and suicidality altogether (Skopp, Luxton, Bush, & Sirotin, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military Versus Civilian Murder-Suicide

Patton

McNally

Fremouw

2015

J Interpers Violence

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Previous studies have implicated significant differences between military members and civilians with regard to violent behavior, including suicide, domestic violence, and harm to others, but none have examined military murder-suicide. This study sought to determine whether there were meaningful differences between military and civilian murder-suicide perpetrators. Using data from the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), military ( n = 259) and civilian ( n = 259) murder-suicide perpetrators were compared on a number of demographic, psychological, and contextual factors using chi-square analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine which variables predicted membership to the military or civilian perpetrator groups. Military murder-suicide perpetrators were more likely to be older, have physical health problems, be currently or formerly married, less likely to abuse substances, and to exhibit significantly different motives than civilian perpetrators. Logistic regression revealed that membership to the military, rather than the civilian, perpetrator group was predicted by age, physical health problems, and declining heath motive-reflecting the significance of a more than 15-year difference in mean age between the two groups. Findings point to the need to tailor suicide risk assessments to include questions specific to murder-suicide, to assess attitudes toward murder-suicide, and to the importance of assessing suicide and violence risk in older adult military populations.

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Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Deployed Danish Soldiers From 1990 to 2009

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Risk factors for concurrent suicidal ideation and violent impulses in military veterans.

Combat Exposure and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among Danish Army Military Personnel

Military Versus Civilian Murder-Suicide

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