Risk Assessment and Management in Community Settings

Quinsey, Vernon L.

doi:10.1002/9780470713440.ch7

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As a result, community services are tasked with managing risk among offenders with intellectual disabilities, sometimes on a long-term basis. In formulating effective risk management strategies, services are advised to consider an individual's personal characteristics and social circumstances and to isolate risk factors associated with offending, so that these factors can be alleviated (Mikkelsen, 2004;Quinsey, 2004). In the intellectual disabilities research literature there has, consequently, been considerable development in the use of risk assessment techniques and procedures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies that focus only on men and women who have been in contact with the criminal justice system are likely to fail to address the service needs of a potentially large number of people with intellectual disabilities who may require on-going support from community services as a result of illegal activity which has not reached the formal attention of the criminal justice system. For community-based treatment and support for offenders with intellectual disabilities to be appropriate, safe, and effective, individual assessment is recommended to identify the critical factors associated with offending risk (Mikkelsen, 2004;Quinsey, 2004), and to guide day-to-day supervision and intervention strategies (Turner, 2000). To this end, the use and efficacy of formalised risk assessment procedures has received increasing research attention (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, a 'third generation' of risk assessment has emerged, involving hybrid actuarial-style structured clinical judgement protocols including 'dynamic' factors which reflect malleable characteristics and circumstances, such as mood, substance use, victim access, or the availability of social supports (e.g. Blacker, Beech, Wilcox, & Boer, 2011;Lindsay, Murphy, et al, 2004;Mikkelsen, 2004;Quinsey, 2004;Quinsey, Coleman, Jones, & Altrows, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What can social and environmental factors tell us about the risk of offending by people with intellectual disabilities?

Wheeler

Clare

Holland

2013

Psychology, Crime & Law

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A minority of men and women with intellectual disabilities at times engage in, and are suspected, or convicted, of illegal activity. Recent policy developments in England and Wales emphasise the need to respond appropriately to putative offending risk through the provision of safe and effective community management, treatment, and support services. In line with these concerns, research has focused increasingly on testing the utility of an evolving variety of risk assessment procedures. Here, the authors set out to challenge the repertoire of a number of prominent and/or recently developed risk assessment procedures and the scope of an associated research literature, on the basis that contextual risk factors are receiving insufficient attention in relation to offending among people with intellectual disabilities. Drawing on the wider criminological literature, a novel study is reported that compares key contemporary proximal social and environmental circumstances in the lives of offenders and non-offenders with intellectual disabilities. A contextual risk score is derived, providing statistical support for increased consideration of the impact of relevant social and environmental circumstances. Increased emphasis on key contextual risk factors is recommended to strengthen community service responses to offenders with intellectual disabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What can social and environmental factors tell us about the risk of offending by people with intellectual disabilities?

Wheeler

Clare

Holland

2013

Psychology, Crime & Law

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“…Steptoe et al (2008) developed the Dynamic Risk Assessment and Management System, and found that mood, anti-social behaviour and intolerance/agreeableness displayed medium predictive validity for incidents of violence, sexual behaviour and self-harm. Lindsay et al (2008) also found good predictive validity (AUC ¼ 0.71) in a sample of 212 males with ID for the Short Dynamic Risk Scale (Quinsey, 2004), an eight-item scale measuring dynamic variables such as hostile attitude, coping and self-care skills. It is important to note that the dynamic factors suggested as valid for ID offender populations are largely included within the START items.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Predictive validity of the START with intellectually disabled offenders

Inett

Wright²,

Roberts³

et al. 2014

Journal of Forensic Practice

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose -Offenders with intellectual disability (ID) have been largely neglected in past forensic literature on assessment of dynamic risk factors. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the predictive validity of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START), in a sample of males with IDs in a low-secure hospital (n ¼ 28). Design/methodology/approach -A prospective analysis was conducted, with START scores as the predictor variables, and the number of recorded aversive incidents as the outcome measure. Findings -Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that total START risk scores had a significant high predictive accuracy for incidents of physical aggression to others (area under the curve (AUC) ¼ 0.710, po0.001) and property damage/theft (AUC ¼ 0.730, po0.001), over a 30-day period, reducing to medium predictive validity over a 90-day period. Medium predictive validity was also identified for incidents of verbal aggression, suicide, self-harm, and stalking and intimidation. START strength scores were also predictive of overt aggression (AUC ¼ 0.716), possible reasons for this are explored.Research limitations/implications -The small sample size limits the generalisability of the findings, and further research is required. Practical implications -The paper offers preliminary support for the use of the START with ID offenders in low-secure settings. Given the lack of validation of any previous dynamic risk assessment tools, multidisciplinary teams in such settings now have the option to use a tool which has potentially good validity with an ID population. Originality/value -This study represents the first attempt to examine the predictive validity of the START with ID offenders, and a step forward in the understanding of dynamic risk factors for violence in this population. The significant predictive relationship with incidents of physical aggression and property damage offers clinicians a preliminary evidence base supporting its use in low-secure settings.

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“…In recent years there has been an increase in research activity and output relating to risk assessment in ID populations (Boer et al, 2004;Gray et al, 2007;Lindsay, 2011;Lindsay et al, , 2006Lindsay et al, , 2008Lofthouse et al, 2013Lofthouse et al, , 2014McGrath et al, 2007;McMillan et al, 2004, Morrisey et al, 2007Quinsey, 2004;Quinsey et al, 2004;Tengströ m et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Historical and clinical items of the HCR-20 as predictors of risk within an intellectual disability population

Chaplin

Eyeoyibo

Wright

et al. 2015

Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities

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Purpose -The use of violence risk assessment measures within intellectual disabilities (ID) services is now the norm and a growing target for research. The purpose of this paper is to examine the clinical utility of the historical and clinical factors of the HCR-20 in predicting violence. Design/methodology/approach -The study took place within a national low secure service for adults with ID examining all completed admissions over a six-year period, (N ¼ 22). Clinical records covering the first three months of admission were examined along with historical reports and incident data recorded at three, six, nine and 12 months admission using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS). Findings -Significant positive relationship between Historical score and total number of incidents was established. Patients with challenging behaviour less likely to have a previous history of violence, and more likely to be older at first violent incident than patients without challenging behaviour. Incidents involving patients with autism were less severe and those with no additional psychiatric diagnosis were significantly more likely to have substance misuse problems than those with a diagnosis. Originality/value -The study found the Historical section was predictive of violent incidents and whilst the study is too small to draw any firm conclusions, the significant positive relationship between the Historical Score and number of incidents for those without additional diagnosis needs to be investigated further as well as the potential positive clinical impact of using the HCR-20 in routine clinical practice.

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Risk Assessment and Management in Community Settings

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

What can social and environmental factors tell us about the risk of offending by people with intellectual disabilities?

What can social and environmental factors tell us about the risk of offending by people with intellectual disabilities?

Predictive validity of the START with intellectually disabled offenders

Historical and clinical items of the HCR-20 as predictors of risk within an intellectual disability population

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