Heavy metals are known as an important group of pollutants in soil. Major sources of heavy metals are modern industries such as mining. In this study, spatial distribution and environmental behavior of heavy metals in the Jajarm bauxite mine have been investigated. The study area is one of the most important deposits in Iran, which includes about 22 million tons of reserve. Contamination factor (CF), the average concentration (AV), the enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (GI) were factors used to assess the risk of pollution from heavy metals in the study area. Robust principal component analysis of compositional data (RPCA) was also applied as a multivariate method to find the relationship among metals. According to the compositional bi-plots, the RPC1 and RPC2 account for 57.55% and 33.79% of the total variation, respectively. The RPC1 showed positive loadings for Pb and Ni. Also, the RPC2 showed positive loadings for Cu and Zn. In general, the results indicated that mining activities in the bauxite mine have not created serious environmental hazards in the study area except for lead and nickel. Finding potential relations between mining work and elevated heavy metals concentrations in the Jajarm bauxite mine area necessitates developing and implementing holistic monitoring activities.
KEYWORDSEnvironmental behavior, Contamination criteria, Heavy metals, Multivariate statistical analyses, Jajarm bauxite deposit.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study AreaThe Jajarm bauxite deposit is the largest deposit in Iran and located in North Khorasan Province (northeast Iran) and 15 km North-East Jajarm town. The deposit is situated in 56 • 27' 30" longitude and 37 • 2' to 37 • 4' latitude ( Fig.1) and is more than 8 km long and 20 m thick and has over 22 million tons of storage. This region has a dry desert climate and low Malaysian Journal of Geosciences (MJG)