“…Moreover, a CAR indicator, called “identification of the risk of Farmland abandonment” (Nr 14), calculated by national‐level statistical data and land use dataset, was included in agri‐environmental indicators (Pawlewicz & Pawlewicz, 2023; Chen, Tan, et al, 2023). This indicator index was successfully applied to evaluate the CAR in 27 European Union countries and provided valuable insights for reducing CA (Valujeva et al, 2022; Terres et al, 2015), which has also been adopted to conduct CAR studies in China at regional and county scale, such as in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the mountainous areas of Chongqing (Chen, Tan, et al, 2023; Guo & Song, 2019; Su et al, 2022). Meanwhile, based on indicators from agri‐environmental indicators, combining spatial analysis method and agent‐based modeling (e.g., Dyna‐Clue, GeoSOS‐FLUS, and CLUE‐S), the distribution of future abandoned cropland under different scenarios was predicted in various regions (Das et al, 2019; Hu et al, 2013; Kai et al, 2020).…”