Risk assessment at hazardous waste-contaminated sites with variability of population characteristics

Zhao, Qian; Kaluarachchi, Jagath J.

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00003-x

Cited by 50 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While soil characterization would provide an insight into heavy metal speciation and bioavailability, attempt at remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils would entail knowledge of the source of contamination, basic chemistry, and environmental and associated health effects (risks) of these heavy 2 ISRN Ecology metals. Risk assessment is an effective scientific tool which enables decision makers to manage sites so contaminated in a cost-effective manner while preserving public and ecosystem health [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

2011

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Scattered literature is harnessed to critically review the possible sources, chemistry, potential biohazards and best available remedial strategies for a number of heavy metals (lead, chromium, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, copper, mercury and nickel) commonly found in contaminated soils. The principles, advantages and disadvantages of immobilization, soil washing and phytoremediation techniques which are frequently listed among the best demonstrated available technologies for cleaning up heavy metal contaminated sites are presented. Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils is necessary to reduce the associated risks, make the land resource available for agricultural production, enhance food security and scale down land tenure problems arising from changes in the land use pattern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

2011

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“…The uncertainty in the concentration is due to the high uncertainty generally associated with the hydrogeologic parameters of the subsurface. The variability of the population characteristics, for example ingestion rate, is associated with a large variability in physical and behavioral characteristics of individuals in any population (Zhao and Kaluarachchi, 2002). A population model can account for the variability of population characteristics by means of ageindependent statistical distributions of some important characteristics, e.g., inhalation rate, ingestion rate, and body surface skin (McKone and Bogen, 1991).…”

Section: Probabilistic Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PR is estimated by averaging the risk profile using the formulation of Zhao and Kaluarachchi (2002),…”

Section: Decision Analysis 241 Decision Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria decision analysis with probabilistic risk assessment for the management of contaminated ground water

Khadam

Kaluarachchi

2003

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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Traditionally, environmental decision analysis in subsurface contamination scenarios is performed using cost -benefit analysis. In this paper, we discuss some of the limitations associated with cost -benefit analysis, especially its definition of risk, its definition of cost of risk, and its poor ability to communicate risk-related information. This paper presents an integrated approach for management of contaminated ground water resources using health risk assessment and economic analysis through a multi-criteria decision analysis framework. The methodology introduces several important concepts and definitions in decision analysis related to subsurface contamination. These are the trade-off between population risk and individual risk, the trade-off between the residual risk and the cost of risk reduction, and cost-effectiveness as a justification for remediation. The proposed decision analysis framework integrates probabilistic health risk assessment into a comprehensive, yet simple, cost-based multi-criteria decision analysis framework. The methodology focuses on developing decision criteria that provide insight into the common questions of the decision-maker that involve a number of remedial alternatives. The paper then explores three potential approaches for alternative ranking, a structured explicit decision analysis, a heuristic approach of importance of the order of criteria, and a fuzzy logic approach based on fuzzy dominance and similarity analysis. Using formal alternative ranking procedures, the methodology seeks to present a structured decision analysis framework that can be applied consistently across many different and complex remediation settings. A simple numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The results showed the importance of using an integrated approach for

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“…Further data collection and experimental implementation can help reduce the uncertainties. In addition, variability and uncertainty are generally intermingled with each other, and some modeling parameters may have both of them [ Zhao and Kaluarachchi , 2002; Khadam and Kaluarachchi , 2003]. For example, the distribution of variability in risk assessment is also associated with uncertainty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of BTEX‐induced health risk under multiple uncertainties at a petroleum‐contaminated site: An integrated fuzzy stochastic approach

Zhang

Huang

2011

Water Resources Research

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[1] Groundwater pollution has gathered more and more attention in the past decades. Conducting an assessment of groundwater contamination risk is desired to provide sound bases for supporting risk-based management decisions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an integrated fuzzy stochastic approach to evaluate risks of BTEXcontaminated groundwater under multiple uncertainties. It consists of an integrated interval fuzzy subsurface modeling system (IIFMS) and an integrated fuzzy second-order stochastic risk assessment (IFSOSRA) model. The IIFMS is developed based on factorial design, interval analysis, and fuzzy sets approach to predict contaminant concentrations under hybrid uncertainties. Two input parameters (longitudinal dispersivity and porosity) are considered to be uncertain with known fuzzy membership functions, and intrinsic permeability is considered to be an interval number with unknown distribution information. A factorial design is conducted to evaluate interactive effects of the three uncertain factors on the modeling outputs through the developed IIFMS. The IFSOSRA model can systematically quantify variability and uncertainty, as well as their hybrids, presented as fuzzy, stochastic and second-order stochastic parameters in health risk assessment. The developed approach haw been applied to the management of a real-world petroleum-contaminated site within a western Canada context. The results indicate that multiple uncertainties, under a combination of information with various data-quality levels, can be effectively addressed to provide supports in identifying proper remedial efforts. A unique contribution of this research is the development of an integrated fuzzy stochastic approach for handling various forms of uncertainties associated with simulation and risk assessment efforts.Citation: Zhang, X., and G. H. Huang (2011), Assessment of BTEX-induced health risk under multiple uncertainties at a petroleumcontaminated site: An integrated fuzzy stochastic approach, Water Resour.

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Risk assessment at hazardous waste-contaminated sites with variability of population characteristics

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation

Multi-criteria decision analysis with probabilistic risk assessment for the management of contaminated ground water

Assessment of BTEX‐induced health risk under multiple uncertainties at a petroleum‐contaminated site: An integrated fuzzy stochastic approach

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