Risk assessment for produced water discharges to Louisiana Open Bays

Fuzzy rule-based modelling for human health risk from naturally occurring radioactive materials in produced water

“…Based on data from Petro-Canada (1996), Mukhtasor (2001) used lighter produced water with varying density gradients of 0.013e0.037. Almost similar data were reported for the Gulf of Mexico produced water (USEPA, 1995;Meinhold et al, 1996). Similar density gradients are selected for this study to be consistent with the previous studies Mukhtasor, 2001).…”

“…The turbulence in the ambient seawater also dilutes produced water. The produced waters in some of the Gulf of Mexico platforms are lighter than the seawater (USEPA, 1995;Meinhold et al, 1996). Similar properties for the produced water in the Eastern Canada have been reported in Mukhtasor (2001).…”

“…Radium concentrations in the edible parts of fish were predicted using Eq. (14) where the parameters x, y and BCF were found to follow statistical distributions Meinhold et al, 1996). Total radium intake by human was predicted using Eq.…”

“…The probability of this co-existence is significantly reduced due to instantaneous dispersion of produced water upon discharge (Akar and Jirka, 1994;Huang et al, 1996). Hart et al (1996) and Meinhold et al (1996) also reported high concentrations of radium at the vicinity of produced water outfall. Chowdhury et al (2004) performed human health cancer risk assessment through the ingestion of marine fish, in which they reported radium's presence in the water column.…”

Fuzzy Based Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Introduced into the Marine Environment

“…Mukhtasor (2001) used a variable depth of discharge ranging from 8 to 20 m. This depth varies between 2.5 and 150 m, depending on the location and type of platform (Brandsma and Smith 1996;Meinhold et al 1996). The z value is between 1.3 and 5 m in Louisiana bay, while in the Bass Strait, this depth is approximately 12 m (Brandsma and Smith 1996;Meinhold et al 1996). Based on the literature review, z is represented as a TFN (5, 12, 25).…”