Risk Assessment of a Post-Combustion and Amine-Based CO2 Capture Ready Process

2015

Qual Quant

Nowadays methods of measurement and assessment of the level of sustained development at the international, national and regional level are a current research problem, which requires multi-dimensional analysis. The relative assessment of the sustainability level of the European Union member states and the comparative analysis of the position of Poland relative to other countries was the aim of the conducted studies in the article. EU member states were treated as objects in the multi-dimensional space. Dimensions of space were specified by ten diagnostic variables describing the sustainability level of UE countries in three dimensions, i.e., social, economic and environmental. Because the compiled statistical data were expressed in different units of measure, taxonomic methods were used for building an aggregated measure to assess the level of sustainable development of EU member states, which through normalisation of variables enabled the comparative analysis between countries. Methodology of studies consisted of eight stages, which included, among others: defining data matrices, calculating the variability coefficient for all variables, which variability coefficient was under 10 %, division of variables into stimulants and destimulants, selection of the method of variable normalisation, developing matrices of normalised data, selection of the formula and calculating the aggregated indicator of the relative level of sustainable development of the EU countries, calculating partial development indicators for three studies dimensions: social, economic and environmental and the classification of the EU countries according to the relative level of sustainable development. Statistical date were collected based on the Polish Central Statistical Office publication.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of the European Union member states according to the relative level of sustainable development

2015

Qual Quant

“…The European Union is actively working to stop further increases in emissions [57][58][59][60][61][62]. The stringent environmental requirements regarding the limits of carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union countries resulted in numerous studies in the field of development and implementation of CO 2 capture and storage technologies (CCS) [63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of the Level of Sustainable Development of Energy Markets in the European Union Countries

Manowska

2020

Energies

The economic development of the EU’s countries depends on stable and permanent access to various energy sources. The integration of European energy markets is a long-term process. Each member country has a different energy balance, energy resources and electricity generation technologies. Therefore, comparing Member States with one another is a complex task. The article deals with organizing the set of objects in multidimensional spaces of variables from the point of view of a certain characteristics that cannot be measured in a simple way, i.e., the relative level of the development of energy markets. The following diagnostic variables were adopted for the analysis: consumption of electric energy generated from renewables per capita (TWH/person), hard coal consumption (million tons/person), greenhouse gas emissions per capita, available for final consumption gigawatt-hour per person, final energy consumption thousand tons of oil equivalent (TOE) per person, petroleum available for final consumption (gigawatt-hour), natural gas (terajoule gross calorific value-GCV) per person, energy intensity of GDP (kilograms of oil equivalent (KGOE) per thousand euro, import dependency %. The article draws upon the cluster analysis, which uses the methods and techniques that enable to extract such objects (countries) from the data set, which would be similar to each other and combine them into groups. The purpose of the article is to examine and discus the diversity of Member States on the level of development of energy markets taking into account the specific situation of Poland. The presented model has the potential to be used at the level of enterprises from various industries to evaluate the level of sustainable development. The algorithm modification will only require the selection of available diagnostic variables describing the given enterprise.

“…Only three EU countries are self-sufficient in terms of availability of this energy resources, i.e., the Czech Republic (−11.6 %), Estonia (−0.1 %) and Poland (−10.4 %) Table 3. Coal mining is a strategic sector of the Polish economy and plays a key role in ensuring the energy security of the country however, must be subject to a continuous process of restructuring in order to adapt to current market requirements (Burchart-Korol et al 2014; Dubiński and Turek 2014; Krause et al 2015; Bluszcz and Kijewska 2015; Kijewska 2016a, b; Blaschke and Gawlik 1999; Gawlik and Mokrzycki 2014; Brzychczy 2012; Kustra and Kubacki 2009; Kustra and Sierpińska 2008; Krzemień et al 2013; Jonek-Kowalska 2015; Nawrocki and Jonek-Kowalska 2016; Strozik et al 2016; Ranosz 2014). …”

Section: The Analysis Of the Energy Market Of The European Union Membmentioning

confidence: 99%

European economies in terms of energy dependence

2016

Qual Quant

The sustainable development and energy security are currently the priority challenges for the European Union countries. The sustainable and stable development of European economies is closely dependent on the stable access to energy resources. The constant increase of the demand for electricity requires long-term planning of the common European policy. The aim of the article is to analyse the fuel and energy resources situation of the member states with regard to their energy balances and with the determination of their import dependence in relation to fossil fuels, such as: coal, oil and natural gas. Based on the collected statistical data the analysis of clusters was presented in order to separate homogenous subsets, that is groups of the European Union Member States. The squared Euclidean distance has been adopted as the measure of similarities of the member states in the clusters, and the k-means algorithm has been used as the method of grouping. As a result of the analysis seven clusters were selected-groups of homogenous countries in terms of the import dependence due to the major energy resources (oil, natural gas and coal). The results of the paper can constitute bases for shaping the appropriate long-term common energy policy for the listed potential groups of countries. Statistical data were collected based on the Eurostat publication.