Risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Abakaliki, Nigeria

Ihedioha, Janefrances Ngozi; Ogili, Emmanuel O.; Ekere, Nwachukwu Romanus; Ezeofor, Chidinma C.

doi:10.1007/s10661-019-7491-3

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The first multi-centre regional SSA Total Diet Study (TDS) (Benin, Mali, Cameroon, and Nigeria) showed that staple food (food routinely consumed) including meat, cereals and tubers (for example, peanuts and rice) were contaminated with lead [49]. The concentrations of lead in Nigerian rice grains exceeded some Nigerian and International standards [50]. Tirima et al This finding is consistent with other studies from Africa.…”

Section: Bushmeat Harvested With Lead Ammunitionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Ahmadi¹,

Bot²,

Zoumenou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011-2013) suggested that 58% of one-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at six-years-of-age in 2016-18 and to compare BLLs between age one-year and six-years and study sources of lead at six years. BLLs were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs >50 µg/L in children was 59.5% [Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1 - 58.7] at six years of age compared to 54.8% [GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4-59.6] at one year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs >100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at one year of age to 8.2% at six years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanut more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at six years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at six years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.

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Section: Bushmeat Harvested With Lead Ammunitionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Ahmadi¹,

Bot²,

Zoumenou³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first multi-centre regional SSA Total Diet Study (TDS) (Benin, Mali, Cameroon, and Nigeria) showed that staple food (food routinely consumed) including meat, cereals and tubers (for example, peanuts, and rice) were contaminated with lead [ 58 ]. The concentrations of lead in Nigerian rice grains exceeded some Nigerian and international standards [ 59 ]. Tirima et al [ 60 ] reported dietary contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara, Nigeria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Ahmadi

Bot

Zoumenou

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Lead exposure is associated with poor cognitive development in children. Very few studies in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have studied blood lead levels (BLLs) and non-gasoline sources of exposure in children. Data from a birth cohort in Benin (2011–2013) suggested that 58% of 1-year-old children had BLLs > 50 ug/L. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of elevated BLLs (>50 µg/L and >100 µg /L) among 425 of these children at 6 years of age in 2016–2018 and to compare BLLs between age 1 and 6 years, and study sources of lead at age 6 years. BLLs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression and quantile regressions were used to study potential sources of lead. The prevalence of BLLs > 50 µg/L in children was 59.5% (Geometric Mean (GM) 56.4 µg/L, 95% CI: 54.1–58.7) at 6 years of age compared to 54.8% (GM 56.5 µg/L, 95% CI: 53.4–59.6) at 1 year of age. The prevalence of children with BLLs > 100 µg/L decreased from 14.4% at 1 year of age to 8.2% at 6 years of age. After adjustment for all other covariates, consumption of peanuts more than once per month was significantly associated with a 22.0% (95% CI: 4.6, 42.5) increment in BLLs at age 6 years compared with no consumption. Consumption of bushmeat killed by lead bullets at age 6 years was associated with an increase in the higher percentiles of BLLs (P75) compared with the absence of this source. Other potential sources of lead associated with BLLs with marginal significance were consumption of rice, paternal occupational exposure, and the presence of activity with the potential use of lead. This prospective cohort confirms the persistently high prevalence of elevated BLLs in children residing in a rural region in the south of Benin, as well as the presence of multiple and continuous sources of lead. These results highlight the need for prevention programs to reduce and eliminate lead exposure in children.

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“…The Downstream water (134.87 mg/L mean salinity level) and the Upstream water with mean salinity level of 95.52 mg/L may have the highest available metals that can cause toxicity. Water salinity is due to the geological strata where water flows and also anthropogenic contribution [16].…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of the Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the particular behaviour of metals in an environment is influenced by their physicochemical forms as against the total concentration of the metals in a matrix [16,17]. The solubility of PTE is enhanced at low pH [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in salty water environment of Okposi, Southeastern Nigeria

Ugwu

Ofomatah

2022

SN Appl. Sci.

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This study is to determine some physicochemical parameters and potentially toxic elements (PTE) in water samples collected from a borehole, a stream and a lake in Okposi, Nigeria, for their quality status and the human health risk of exposure to the waters. The physico-chemical properties: pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, nitrate and sulphate, were determined by standard methods, while the level of PTE contamination was analysed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The results show that the levels of physicochemical parameters in the water samples are within the World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible limit. The PTE concentrations (mg/L) in the samples are in the ranges of 0.12–0.35 (Cr); 0.06–0.19 (Cu); 0.24–2.45 (Fe); 0.0–0.06 (Mn); 0.00–0.75 (Pb); and 0.0–02 (Zn). The levels of Cr and Pb in all the samples, except Pb in the downstream water, are above the WHO permissible limits, indicating that the waters are contaminated and unsafe for drinking. PTE form complexes with anions in water at high EC and salinity which reduces availability of toxic metals to organisms. Therefore, toxicity of PTE in the samples is in decreasing order: Upstream > Downstream > Lake water > borehole water. Calculations of hazard quotients shows possible adverse effects on adults and children on dermal contact with the waters due to Cr. Children might get cancer due to Pb on ingestion of water from the studied borehole, the Lake and the Upstream waters. Statistical analysis suggests that the geology of the area influenced PTE contamination of the water bodies. Article highlights Evaluation of the pollution status of the major water sources (borehole, lake, upstream and downstream) in the study area was conducted since the information will be useful for making decisions that will protect human health by the policy makers and the public. The samples from all the water bodies in the study area were contaminated by chromium. The borehole water samples were contaminated by Iron and Lead; the downstream samples were contaminated by Iron; while samples from the lake and the upstream were contaminated by Lead. They are contaminated because the concentrations of these metals in the water bodies were above the World Health Organisation’s permissible limit for those metals in drinking water. Human exposure to the level of these metals in the water bodies may lead to severe health problems. Based on the bioavailability studies of the metals and the physicochemical parameters of the major water bodies in the study area, the borehole water (ground water) is the safest (best) for drinking and domestic purposes, then, the lake water (safer), followed by the downstream water (safe), while the upstream water has the highest toxicity potential (not safe).

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Risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of paddy soil and rice (Oryza sativa) from Abakaliki, Nigeria

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Follow-up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin

Bioavailability and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in salty water environment of Okposi, Southeastern Nigeria

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