“…Rhizobium rhizogenes (= A. rhizogenes and A. radiobacter biovar 2) strain K84 suppresses gall incidence caused by Ti strains of R. rhizogenes [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], but K84 is not effective against GCG, which is caused by A. vitis (Ti) [ 3 , 6 , 16 , 17 ]. Previously, we reported that the nonpathogenic and antagonistic A. vitis strains VAR03-1 and ARK-1 inhibited gall formation in not only grapevine but in diverse plant species [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In particular, strain ARK-1 strongly controlled GCG in vineyards by several unique biological control mechanisms.…”