Risk Assessment of Migration From Packaging Materials Into Food

Zhu, Yan; Nguyên, Philippe; Vitrac, Olivier

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22501-8

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Specific arrangements of materials during storage can accelerate migration either by symmetrizing contacts (same materials in contact, reducing loss with surroundings) or by introducing some periodicity in contacts facilitating inner mass transfer (e.g., outside and inner sides come in contact). The different configurations met in food packaging applications, and the principles to evaluate them, have been extensively reviewed in [31].…”

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-contamination models are by nature closely related to those used for migration modeling (see early formulations in [25,58] and the recent review in [31]). For simple configurations, migration models are rooted to the exact solutions of self-similar diffusion or conduction problems collected in the reference textbooks of Crank [59], Carslaw and Jaeger [60], and Luikov [61].…”

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mathematical demonstration relies on the linearity of the transport Equation (2), of interface conditions (5) and (6), and of boundary conditions (7)–(9) with concentration. The conditions of the commutativity of steps (i.e., independent of orders) are demonstrated in Reference [44] and reviewed extensively in Reference [31]. Commutativity is verified when the partition coefficients are kept constant (i.e., no effect of temperature, swelling).…”

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worst-case scenarios can be constructed to remove sources of uncertainty (e.g., unknown partition coefficient, unknown layer contribution) by using superposition principles. Their construction is discussed in [31,46] and has been adopted in EU guidance for food contact materials [72].…”

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, the accumulation of apolar substances in aqueous contacting phases is likely to be underestimated either because solubility in water and back-diffusion are misrepresented [22,23,24] or because reactivities in water have been neglected [25,26,27,28,29,30]. Migration modeling reviewed in [31] has been used for decades for authorizing new substances, validating polymer recycling processes, and compliance testing in both the US and EU. It offers a robust methodology to mitigate the risk of contamination regardless of the considered materials, substances, and routes of accretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ubiquitous Issue of Cross-Mass Transfer: Applications to Single-Use Systems

Nguyên

Dorey²,

Vitrac

2019

Molecules

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The leaching of chemicals by materials has been integrated into risk management procedures of many sectors where hygiene and safety are important, including food, medical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The approaches focus on direct contact and do not usually address the risk of cross-mass transfer of chemicals from one item or object to another and finally to the contacting phase (e.g., culture medium, biological fluids). Overpackaging systems, as well as secondary or ternary containers, are potentially large reservoirs of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), which can affect the final risk of contamination. This study provides a comprehensive description of the cross-mass transfer phenomena for single-use bags along the chain of value and the methodology to evaluate them numerically on laminated and assembled systems. The methodology is validated on the risk of migration i) of ϵ-caprolactam originating from the polyamide 6 internal layer of the overpackaging and ii) of nine surrogate migrants with various volatilities and polarities. The effects of imperfect contacts between items and of an air gap between them are particularly discussed and interpreted as a cutoff distance depending on the considered substance. A probabilistic description is suggested to define conservative safety-margins required to manage cross-contamination and NIAS in routine.

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Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of Cross-mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ubiquitous Issue of Cross-Mass Transfer: Applications to Single-Use Systems

Nguyên

Dorey²,

Vitrac

2019

Molecules

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Plastic containers contacting water and food: A comparison of selected global chemical regulations

Sawalha

Al-Jabari

Issa

et al. 2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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The main aim of this research is to review and analyze the requirements for plastic materials that come into contact with food (and water), with a particular emphasis on the restricted substance list (RSL) for plastic containers used for storing water (and food). In addition, at the international and regional levels, chemical regulations, allowable limits, and standards for both authorized and restricted chemicals were reviewed. Scientific publications and official government documents specifying the use of plastic materials in contact with food and water (including roof‐top water storage tanks) were comprehensively studied and summarized. The environmental and health impacts of plastic wastes and additives were discussed, and chemical regulations for plastic additives in Europe, the United States, and Middle Eastern countries were reviewed and compared. According to the majority of the cited literature, plastic additives such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates compounds are toxic and hazardous to public health and the environment. The European chemicals regulation and evaluation system are clearly the most comprehensive and widely accepted and were followed by countries in Asia and the Middle East. This review will assist various stakeholders in comparing the existing regulations, the limits of substances prescribed for different plastic materials contacting food, water tanks, and containers, and will allow policymakers to take appropriate steps in decision making.

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Bringing New Function to Packaging Materials by Agricultural By-Products

Delliou¹,

Vitrac²,

Domenek³

2020

Agricultural, Forestry and Bioindustry Biotechnology and Biodiscovery

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The development of functional additives for packaging polymers starting for byproducts of the agriculture and food industry is a very active research field. Different examples are discussed concerning the formulation of polylactides (PLA) in the aim to increase ductility and barrier properties or developing active packaging using byproducts of the vegetable oil industry and lignocellulosic materials. Moreover, the potential of the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from agricultural byproducts is shown and recent results concerning their blending with auxiliary polymers in the aim to obtain packaging materials. Notwithstanding the renewable origin of such novel technological adjuvants for packaging materials, their safety must be ensured and they need to comply with existing regulations. The fundamental principles and means for risk management are summed up. When performance and safety is designed together, there is a high potential for the from agriculture and food industry to contribute to the development of new packaging systems safer for consumers and environment.

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Risk Assessment of Migration From Packaging Materials Into Food

Cited by 8 publications

References 119 publications

The Ubiquitous Issue of Cross-Mass Transfer: Applications to Single-Use Systems

The Ubiquitous Issue of Cross-Mass Transfer: Applications to Single-Use Systems

Plastic containers contacting water and food: A comparison of selected global chemical regulations

Bringing New Function to Packaging Materials by Agricultural By-Products

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