Risk Assessment of Nonylphenol using Sex Ratio, Sexual Maturation, Intersex and Lipofuscin Accumulation of the Equilateral Venus Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

Ecotoxicological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity to the equilateral venus clam, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

“…In total, 261 clams with shell lengths of 35.0e40.0 mm were utilized in this study. The rearing conditions followed the methodologies outlined previously by Lee and Park (2007). Briefly, all collected clams were reared in 30-L flat-bottom rectangular tanks with circular water filtration and a 10 cm sediment layer of wild sand under a natural photoperiod.…”

“…Cadmium exposure in G. veneriformis also induces changes in foot structure, including epidermal layer deformation, muscle fiber fragmentation, and muscular layer collapse [23]. Moreover, G. veneriformis exhibits altered biological responses, including altered sex ratios, gonadal maturity, intersex individuals, and increased lipofuscin accumulation in the mid-gut gland after nonylphenol exposure [24]. The study of chemical toxicity in clams is critical to characterize the accumulation of toxins in aquatic habitats and the human food supply.…”

Indirect Evidence on Sex Reversal of Sinonovacula constricta (Bivalvia: Euheterodonta) and Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae)

“…Factors such as temperature, food availability and day length are involved in environmental sex determination of bivalves (Yusa, 2007). Changes in sex ratio due to exposure to pollutants, such as EDCs and heavy metals during the inactive season, have also been reported in Mya arenaria (Gagné et al, 2005), G. veneriformis (Lee & Park, 2007; Ju et al, 2009) and Scapharca broughtonii (Lee et al, 2009). …”

Change of Reproductive and Histological Biomarkers of Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia: Veneridae) Exposed to Nonylphenol

“…해양생물을 이용하여 EDCs의 독성을 평가하는데 사용되는 생물 지표로는 사망률, 성장, 행동, 분자생물학적 지표, 생화학 적 지표, 생리학적 지표, 생식지수, intersex 및 imposex등의 생식 지표 및 조직학적 지표 등이 있다 (Alzieu and Heral, 1984;Timmermans et al, 1996;Gauthier-Clerc et al, 2002;Lee and Park, 2007). (Fig.…”