Risk assessment of the presence of various organic and inorganic compounds in oil flows in different units of refineries by methods of FMEA and PHA

Abstract

In this new and applied study, it has been investigated the risks of presence of Nitrogenous organic compounds such as quinoline and indole and Naphthenic acids and various inorganic compounds (S, FeS, H2S, water, inorganic salts, Sediment) in oil flows in different units of refineries. Hazards, their effects and related causes were identified. Control and preventive actions was suggested for decreasing risks. Results showed that with applying control and preventive actions, risk numbers decreased significantly for both FMEA and PHA methods. These showed that all control and preventive actions were fully effectiveness and appropriately. There is often a negative attitude among the population in the society about the risk concept. They have considered it as a sign of a damage، danger and negative effects as well as fail probability toward achieving the predefined goals of the considered project [1]. While Britain Standards Institute, knows risk as combination of occurrence and results of a hazardous event [2]. Risk assessment determines the qualitative analysis of risk potential regarding the sensitivity or vulnerability of the surrounding environment [3]. In general, there are currently more than 70 risk assessment methods in the world which are divided in to two qualitative and quantitative groups [4]. Quantitative assessment focuses on risk factors and preventive measures and is done to eliminate or prevent risks [5]. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is one of the modern methods of assessment and risk management in oil, gas and petrochemical industries [6]. The purpose of FMEA is to increase process reliability by preventing the system identified failures and reducing the adverse consequences thereof. FEMA requires detailed and detailed information about the system under investigation [7-9]. Tae-guKim Jeong (2002) [10] studied focuses on the current status of risk management activities conducted by the petrochemical plants in Korea, and on the trends in the global market. M. Jabbari Gharabagh (2009) [11] studied comprehensive risk assessment and management of petrochemical feed and product transportation pipelines. In this research, using probabilistic and indexing models, an algorithm is developed, which overcomes most of the limitations of the models. , the results of the relative risk assessment indices were used as an adjusting factor to correct the pipeline failure rate and to develop an algorithm for the comprehensive risk assessment technique. Sensitivity analysis of the algorithm was carried out. The present algorithm enables the identification of most of the pipeline failure causes. Rong-Hwa Huang (2012) [12] studied an assessment model that examines quantity and quality factors for equipment risk management in the petrochemical industry. The proposed model had five dimensions-financial performance, logistical support, service level, learning and innovation, and risk control. Proposed model provided a valuable reference for decision-making in equipment risk management. XU Xiaonan (2012) [13] ...