Risk assessment on processing facility of raw organic garbage

Li, Xinrui; Kitamura, Hiroshi; Iwata, Yusaku

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.109

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The release of gases is one of the most significant risks related to the storage of agricultural waste. There have been cases in which waste in a disposal facility has fermented, filling the environment with flammable gases and causing an explosion [10]. Additionally, there have been cases in which active fermentation has occurred in a storage location, releasing a large amount of CO 2 , which resulted in the death of workers due to asphyxiation (Figure 18) [11].…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Fires and Oxygen Deficiency Risks Caused by Stored Agricultural Waste

et al. 2018

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In the Japanese agricultural industry, efforts are being made to recycle waste produced in order to use resources more efficiently. However, in some cases, when stored for long periods of time these materials generate heat through fermentation, which can eventually result in spontaneous ignition or oxygen deficiency in storage areas, resulting in the deaths of workers. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments on several types of agricultural waste (organic waste generated by agricultural production activities in Japan) frequently stored for recycling, using combinations of various thermal-and gas-analysers, in order to identify the risk factors related to spontaneous ignition and oxygen deficiency accidents. The aim of this research was to understand the circumstances leading to spontaneous ignition and oxygen deficiency accidents in storage facilities and to recommend safety measures to prevent such occurrences. Our results suggest that fermentation is likely responsible for the generation of heat and production of carbon dioxide at temperatures up to approximately 50 • C, where microbial activity diminishes. At temperatures beyond 50 • C, a transition into heat generation by the oxidation of fatty acid esters occurs. Additionally, when the barrier of heat absorption is overcome at around 100 • C due to the evaporation of water, there is a transition to thermal cracking that could lead to fire. Accidents due to oxygen deficiency may occur when a storage facility is well sealed and the amount of oxygen circulation is minimal. However, when the amount of oxygen is sufficient; the substance is stored in large deposits; and the facility is well insulated, fermentation can cause the temperature to increase. Therefore, it is desirable to periodically measure the temperature of stored materials and monitor the generated gases.

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Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, spontaneous ignition of agricultural waste stored for recycling can occur during storage and transport [10]. In addition, these materials have caused oxygen deficiency in storage areas due to fermentation, which could lead to injury or even death of workers [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Fires and Oxygen Deficiency Risks Caused by Stored Agricultural Waste

et al. 2018

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“…There have been cases in which waste in a waste disposer has fermented, filling the environment with flammable gases and causing an explosion [18]. Additionally, there have been cases in which active fermentation has occurred in a storage location, releasing a large amount of CO2, which resulted in the death of workers due to asphyxiation [19].…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Heat Generation from Biomass Fuels

Murasawa

Kitamura

2015

Energies

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New biomass fuels are constantly being developed from renewable resources in an effort to counter global warming and to create a sustainable society based on recycling. Among these, biomass fuels manufactured from waste are prone to microbial fermentation, and are likely to cause fires and explosions if safety measures, including sufficient risk assessments and long-term storage, are not considered. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments on several types of newly developed biomass fuels, using combinations of various thermal-and gas-analysers, to identify the risks related to heat-and gas-generation. Since a method for the evaluation of the relative risks of biomass fuels is not yet established in Japan, we also such a method based on our experimental results. The present study found that in cases where safety measures are not thoroughly observed, biomass fuels manufactured from waste materials have a higher possibility of combusting spontaneously at the storage site due to microbial fermentation and heat generation.

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“…The method involves the use of highly sensitive calorimeters such as C80, MS80 or TAM which can detect small heat generation between room temperature and 80 °C, caused with fermentation or other reasons. This heat generation sometimes initiates real fires, and can also produce some combustible gases which may explode when fuel was stored inside silos, indoor storage or during indoor treating processes [7]. Because biomass fuels are developing, it is sometimes difficult to prepare enough amount of sample for tests.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Various Solid Biomass Fuels Using Thermal Analysis and Gas Emission Tests

Kitamura

2011

Energies

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Abstract:Various recently proposed biomass fuels are reviewed from the point of view of their safety. Many biomass materials are proposed for use as fuels, such as refuse derived fuel (RDF), wood chips, coal-wood mixtures, etc. However, these fuels have high energy potentials and can cause fires and explosions. We have experienced many such incidents. It is very difficult to extinguish fires in huge piles of biomass fuel or storage facilities. Here current studies on heat generation for these materials and proposed evaluation methods for these new developing materials in Japan are introduced, which are consistent with measurements using highly sensitive calorimeters such as C80, or TAM, and gas emission tests. The highly sensitive calorimeters can detect small heat generation between room temperature and 80 °C, due to fermentation or other causes. This heat generation sometimes initiates real fires, and also produces combustible gases which can explode if fuel is stored in silos or indoor storage facilities.

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Risk assessment on processing facility of raw organic garbage

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluating the Fires and Oxygen Deficiency Risks Caused by Stored Agricultural Waste

Evaluating the Fires and Oxygen Deficiency Risks Caused by Stored Agricultural Waste

Investigation of Heat Generation from Biomass Fuels

Evaluation of Various Solid Biomass Fuels Using Thermal Analysis and Gas Emission Tests

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