Risk assessment posed by diseases in context of integrated management of wheat

Abstract

Three strict field experiments (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) were conducted at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Testing in Chrząstowo in Poland (53°11 0 N, 17°35 0 E). Diagnosis of fungal pathogens to determine the threats posed by complex of diseases to two wheats, cv. Cytra (bread type) and cv. Monsun (quality type), was carried out. Risk assessment in the context of integrated pest and disease management considering crop sequence, sowing date, and control by fungicide application was carried out. This method also investigates the grain yields of wheat to address the context of disease risk with grain production. The experimental factors were fixed: pre-crop for wheat (sugar beet-B, corn for grain-C, wheat-W), the sowing date: facultative in late autumn (F) and spring (S), fungicidal intensification: C1-untreated, C2-one treatment at T2 stage (BBCH 32-65) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, C3-two treatments made at T1 (BBCH 30-32) with prothioconazole and spiroxamine and at T2 (BBCH 41-65) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, C4-three treatments performed at stage T1 (BBCH 29-31) with prothioconazole and spiroxamine, T2 (BBCH 37-51) with fluoxastrobin and prothioconazole, and T3 (BBCH 65-69) with prothioconazole and tebuconazole. A total of 12 wheat diseases were diagnosed, four units for foot and root rot and eight related with leaf and head. The most healthy status reached the crops of cv. 'Monsun': BFC4-C3, BSC4-C3, WSC4-C3, WFC4-C3, CFC4-C2 CSC4-C3, and for root and stem base: BSC4-C1, BFC4-C1, CSC4-C1, CFC4-C1. The lowest risk possessed by root and root rot diseases for cv. Cytra had crops: BFC4-C1, BSC3, CFC4-C3, and due to leaf and ear diseases the crops: BFC2-C4, BSC2-C4, WFC2-C4, WSC2-C4, CFC2-C4, CSC2-C4. Crop sequence was found the prime factor for risk posed by foot and root rot diseases, while the lack of fungicidal control mostly impacted the risk posed by leaf and head pathogens. The highest increases in yield from controlled crops were attributed to facultative wheat followed after beet (49-66 %) or wheat (36-47 %). Wheat responded positively to C2 program with a rise in yield of 26 % for cv. ''Monsun'' and 21 % for cv. ''Cytra.'' The cost-effectiveness based on two indicators E and Q has been calculated for fungicide treatments on all 48 crops.

Importance of Agronomic Practice on the Control of Wheat Leaf Diseases

“…Cropping sequence significantly influenced the severity of wheat leaf diseases in Western Canada [3]. Similar conclusions have been drawn in Poland, where wheat as a pre-crop increased the level of Septoria leaf blotch [23]. In our investigations, tan spot severity depended on crop sequence-the level of disease was essentially higher in continuous wheat sowings.…”

The incidence of wheat crown rot depending of agronomic practices

“…are the main pathogens involved in the development of crown rot. These results confirm the other data obtained by several scientists (Gala et al, 2014;Matušinsky et al, 2016;Wenda-Piesik et al, 2016).…”

Effects of Eco-Friendly Product Application and Sustainable Agricultural Management Practices on Soil Properties and Phytosanitary Condition of Winter Wheat Crops

“…In laboratory conditions, after removing and washing the shoots and leaf sheaths, the percentage of stalks or plants (in the case of take-all) showing symptoms of particular diseases were assessed. The severity of these diseases was determined on a 0-4 • scale [30]. The severity of infestation was transformed into the disease index (DI) according to the Townsend and Heuberger's transformation [31].…”