Risk assessment to honey bees: a scheme developed in France for non‐sprayed systemic compounds

Alix, Anne; Vergnet, Christine

doi:10.1002/ps.1463

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These guidelines specify that moving from laboratory studies to semi-field studies depends on a trigger criterion, the Hazard Quotient (HQ = field application rate ÷ oral or contact LD 50 ). When this criterion is greater than 50, semi-field studies are required [9,10]. We propose calculating a similar Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ), using the concentration of pesticide residue in pollen in the numerator instead of the field application rate, in order to be able to better evaluate the hazard from pesticide residues in pollen in relation to acute toxicity to honey bees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Hazard Quotient to Evaluate Pesticide Residues Detected in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analysis of pollen trapped from honey bees as they return to their hives provides a method of monitoring fluctuations in one route of pesticide exposure over location and time. We collected pollen from apiaries in five locations in Connecticut, including urban, rural, and mixed agricultural sites, for periods from two to five years. Pollen was analyzed for pesticide residues using a standard extraction method widely used for pesticides (QuEChERS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. Sixty pesticides or metabolites were detected. Because the dose lethal to 50% of adult worker honey bees (LD50) is the only toxicity parameter available for a wide range of pesticides, and among our pesticides there were contact LD50 values ranging from 0.006 to >1000 μg per bee (range 166,000X), and even among insecticides LD50 values ranged from 0.006 to 59.8 μg/bee (10,000X); therefore we propose that in studies of honey bee exposure to pesticides that concentrations be reported as Hazard Quotients as well as in standard concentrations such as parts per billion. We used both contact and oral LD50 values to calculate Pollen Hazard Quotients (PHQ = concentration in ppb ÷ LD50 as μg/bee) when both were available. In this study, pesticide Pollen Hazard Quotients ranged from over 75,000 to 0.01. The pesticides with the greatest Pollen Hazard Quotients at the maximum concentrations found in our study were (in descending order): phosmet, Imidacloprid, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, azinphos-methyl, and fenthion, all with at least one Pollen Hazard Quotient (using contact or oral LD50) over 500. At the maximum rate of pollen consumption by nurse bees, a Pollen Hazard Quotient of 500 would be approximately equivalent to consuming 0.5% of the LD50 per day. We also present an example of a Nectar Hazard Quotient and the percentage of LD50 per day at the maximum nectar consumption rate.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Hazard Quotient to Evaluate Pesticide Residues Detected in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The typical forage distance of honeybees is within a 1 km radius of the hive (Pinzauti et al 1991). Exposure for honeybees involves both contact and oral routes in adults and immature stages, although the routes may not have the same relative importance in the two life stages (Alix and Vergnet 2007). In a preliminary assessment, data on behaviour for an average honeybee, representative of the whole colony, may be used: total daily consumption of pollen 4.3 mg (derived from Seeley 1985) and contact daily area of a bee *5 cm 2 (Bernardinelli pers.…”

Section: Fate Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mainly systemic pesticides; Rortais et al 2005;Alix and Vergnet 2007), risk assessment calculation for beneficial arthropods should be implemented with respect to the Official Procedures (OEPP/EPPO 2003), in the form of either a toxicity exposure ratio (TER) or PEC/PNEC (Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration ratio), overcoming the concept of a Hazard Quotient. These is realised by calculating the ETR (Exposure Toxicity Ratio) starting from the contact and oral exposure TDI and from toxicity data taken from literature.…”

Section: Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for assessing risks to pollinators from plant protection products using honeybees as a model species

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pollination is one of the most important ecosystem services in agroecosystems and supports food production. Pollinators are potentially at risk being exposed to pesticides and the main route of exposure is direct contact, in some cases ingestion, of contaminated materials such as pollen, nectar, flowers and foliage. To date there are no suitable methods for predicting pesticide exposure for pollinators, therefore official procedures to assess pesticide risk are based on a Hazard Quotient. Here we develop a procedure to assess exposure and risk for pollinators based on the foraging behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and using this species as indicator representative of pollinating insects. The method was applied in 13 European field sites with different climatic, landscape and land use characteristics. The level of risk during the crop growing season was evaluated as a function of the active ingredients used and application regime. Risk levels were primarily determined by the agronomic practices employed (i.e. crop type, pest control method, pesticide use), and there was a clear temporal partitioning of risks through time. Generally the risk was higher in sites cultivated with permanent crops, such as vineyard and olive, than in annual crops, such as cereals and oil seed rape. The greatest level of risk is generally found at the beginning of the growing season for annual crops and later in June-July for permanent crops.

show abstract

“…Avant leur mise sur le marché, les produits phytosanitaires sont soumis à un examen de leur toxicité vis-à-vis des insectes auxiliaires et des pollinisateurs, examen s'inscrivant dans le cadre du processus de mise sur le marché (encadré 1 et [1]). Certains des essais demandés au plan communautaire sont connus en France sous les démo-ninations « méthode CEB 95 » et « méthode CEB 230 » (ex-129).…”

Section: Comment Déterminer La Toxicité Des Produits Phytosanitaires ?unclassified

Vers des relations durables entre insectes auxiliaires, cultures et protection intégrée

Pierre

2009

OCL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Risk assessment to honey bees: a scheme developed in France for non‐sprayed systemic compounds

Abstract: Such a ratio is proposed to be used as a trigger for any further refined assessment that would focus on the measurement of effects at the colony level.

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Using a Hazard Quotient to Evaluate Pesticide Residues Detected in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut

Using a Hazard Quotient to Evaluate Pesticide Residues Detected in Pollen Trapped from Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) in Connecticut

A novel method for assessing risks to pollinators from plant protection products using honeybees as a model species

Vers des relations durables entre insectes auxiliaires, cultures et protection intégrée

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About