The data traffic in cellular networks has grown at an exponential pace for decades. This trend will most probably continue in the future, driven by new innovative applications. One of the key enablers of future cellular networks is the massive MIMO technology, and it has been started to be commercially deployed in many countries. A massive MIMO base station is equipped with a massive number (e.g., a hundred) of individually steerable antennas, which can be effectively used to serve tens of user equipments simultaneously on the same time-frequency resource. It can provide a notable enhancement of both spectral efficiency and energy efficiency in comparison with conventional MIMO.In the prior literature, the achievable spectral efficiencies of massive MIMO systems with a practical number of antennas have been rigorously characterized and optimized when the channels are subject to either spatially uncorrelated or correlated Rayleigh fading. Typically, in massive MIMO research, i.i.d. Rayleigh fading or less frequently free-space line-of-sight (LoS) channel models are assumed since they simplify the analysis. Massive MIMO technology is able to support both rich scattering and LoS scenarios. Practical channels can consist of a combination of an LoS path and a correlated small-scale fading component caused by a finite number of scattering clusters that can be modeled by spatially correlated Rician fading. In Paper A, we consider a multi-cell scenario with spatially correlated Rician fading channels and derive closed-form achievable spectral efficiency expressions for different signal processing techniques.Alternatively, a massive number of antennas can be spread over a large geographical area and this concept is called cell-free massive MIMO. In the canonical form of cell-free massive MIMO, the access points cooperate via a fronthaul network to spatially multiplex the users on the same time-frequency resource using network MIMO methods that only require locally obtained channel state information. Cellfree massive MIMO is a densely deployed system. Hence, the probability of having an LoS path between some access points and the users is quite high. In Paper B, we consider a practical scenario where the channels between the access points and the users are modeled with Rician fading.First and foremost, I would like to express my innermost gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. Emil Björnson, for his excellent supervision. Thank you for your support, patience, encouragement, commitment, constructive feedback, inspiring ideas, and many more. I feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to learn from you. Likewise, I would like to thank my co-supervisor, Prof. Erik G. Larsson, for his expert advice, insightful comments, and suggestions.To my colleagues at the Division of Communication Systems at Linköping University, I feel very lucky to have spent my Ph.D. period in an environment so full of expertise, collegiality, and warmth. I wish to express my warmest thanks to my friends who have made my time in Sweden more delightful with ...