“…However, recently risk-targeting hazard maps have been introduced [1,2], which partly solve the issue of this obsolete practice for the definition of design earthquakes. In a more general case, at least the important structures should be designed utilising the risk-based seismic design procedure [3], which takes into account comprehensive information regarding seismic hazard and ensures a target reliability of structures. Risk-based seismic design is an iterative procedure, which involves seismic performance assessment based on nonlinear analysis methods, seismic risk assessment, which is in the simplest case expressed by the mean annual frequency of limit-state exceedance, and structural adjustment.…”