Risk Behavior for Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among HIV‐Seropositive Individuals in an Urban Setting

McGowan, Joseph P.; Shah, Sanjiv S.; Ganea, Camelia E.; Blum, Steve; Ernst, J. A.; Irwin, Kathleen L.; Olivo, Noemí; Weidle, Paul J.

doi:10.1086/380128

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Probability samples are rare. More often studies have relied upon convenience samples of volunteers recruited from clinic or service settings [9][10][11] or from venues such as bars where sexually active, HIV-positive persons were expected to be found. 6,12 Studies have been cross-sectional or covered short time spans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Aidala

Lee

Howard³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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This study examines patterns of sexual behavior, sexual relating, and sexual risk among HIV-positive men sexually active with women. A total of 278 HIV-positive men were interviewed every 6-12 months between 1994 and 2002 and reported considerable variability in sexual behaviors over time. Many were not sexually active at all for months at a time; many continued to have multiple female and at times male partners. Over one-third of the cohort had one or more periods when they had engaged in unprotected sex with a female partner who was HIV-negative or status unknown (unsafe sex). Periods of unsafe sex alternated with periods of safer sex. Contextual factors such as partner relations, housing status, active drug use, and recently exchanging sex showed the strongest association with increased odds of unsafe sex. A number of predictors of unsafe sex among African American men were not significant among the Latino sub-population, suggesting race/ethnic differences in factors contributing to heterosexual transmission. Implications for prevention interventions are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Aidala

Lee

Howard³

et al. 2006

J Urban Health

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“…27,28 These strategies seem promising in altering the HIV epidemic, but are under debate due to some observations of high-risk populations having low levels of risk perception, 29 and HIV-positive patients increasing risky sexual behaviors in the HAART era. [30][31][32][33] Previous studies have shown that under regular medical care, HIV-positive patients decrease their sexual risk behaviors by 30-55%, 30,33 especially in the initial years following the 158 CHENG ET AL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30,31 In New York, people who had known their HIV-infected status for > 5 years were more prone to sexual risk behaviors. 32 In Amsterdam, HIV-positive MSM had 61% of increase of unprotected anal sex after 4 years of seroconversion. 30 In Northern Taiwan, Chen and colleagues 20 demonstrated that HIV status awareness for > 11 years was accompanied by a 2-fold higher likelihood of practicing unprotected sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Taiwanese HIV-Positive Population

Cheng

Yang

Hsueh

2013

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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There are reports of increased sexual risk behaviors in the HIV-positive population since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Little is known about the effects of the case management (CM) program and HAART on sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Taiwan. HIV-positive subjects, who visited the outpatient clinics of Taoyuan General Hospital between 2007 and 2010, were enrolled. A total of 574 subjects and 14,462 person-months were reviewed. Incident STDs occurred in 104 (18.1%) subjects, and the incidence rate was 8.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1-10.5) per 100 person-years (PY). For men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men and women, and injection drug users (IDU), 19.4 per 100 PY(95% CI, 15.7-24.0), 3.5 per 100 PY (95% CI, 1.4-7.3), and 1.1 per 100 PY (95% CI, 0.4-2.4) of STDs were noted, respectively; (MSM versus IDU and MSM versus heterosexual subjects, p < 0.000001; heterosexual subjects versus IDU, p = 0.061). Syphilis (59.6%) was the most common STD. Regular CM and no HAART (hazard ratio, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.14-5.84; p = 0.02) was significantly associated with STDs in MSM. Though this retrospective study might underestimate the incidence of STDs and not draw the conclusion of causality, we concluded that the CM program and HAART are associated with lower acquisition of STDs in the Taiwanese HIV-positive population.

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“…A study among 919 HIV-infected patients who attended the STI clinic of Taipei City, Taiwan, in 2004 found that 476 (52%) had a new STI diagnosis after HIV diagnosis [6]. Likewise, in a study that assessed ongoing risk behaviors for HIV transmission among 256 patients attending an HIV clinic in New York City [7], 63 patients (25%) had a new STI after HIV diagnosis. It is unclear whether the widespread access to antiretroviral therapy has changed the sexual behavior and therefore risk of acquisition of HIV in HIV-infected patients undergoing HIV care.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected patients in Kabale Hospital, Uganda

Osinde

Kakaire

Kaye

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is an epidemiological marker of high-risk sexual behavior in HIV-infected patients. We assessed the prevalence of STIs among patients attending an HIV care and support centre. Methodology: From January to August 2009, we assessed socio-demographic variables, sexuality, disclosure of sero-status and STI treatment for 400 patients attending the HIV care and support centre. Characteristics of those who had been treated and those who had never been treated for STIs were compared to identify factors independently associated with STIs. Results: Of the 400 respondents, 25.3% were male, 47.3% were aged 25-34 years, over 85% were currently married or had ever been married, and 62% had primary level of education or less. Though 82.5% were on antiretroviral drugs, only 53.1% disclosed their sero-status to their regular partners and only 41.9% knew the sero-status of their regular partners. Furthermore, 151 (37.7%) had been treated for STIs. The STIs were gonorrhoea (15; 9.7%), chlamydia (11; 7.1%), Trichomonas vaginalis (5; 3.3%), syphilis (99; 64.3%), and mixed infections (21; 13.6%). Factors associated with STI treatment on univariable analysis were age at sexual debut, whether the respondent had had sex in the previous six months, frequency of sexual intercourse, having changed sexual partners, number of sexual partners, and age when the respondent had a first child. Conclusion: Unprotected sexual intercourse and STIs are common among patients seeking HIV care in Uganda. Only the age of sexual debut (odds ratio0.82, confidence limits 0.71, 0.94) was independently (though inversely) associated with STIs.

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Risk Behavior for Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among HIV‐Seropositive Individuals in an Urban Setting

Cited by 81 publications

References 24 publications

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

HIV-Positive Men Sexually Active with Women: Sexual Behaviors and Sexual Risks

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in a Taiwanese HIV-Positive Population

Sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected patients in Kabale Hospital, Uganda

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