Risk communication of terrorist acts, natural disasters, and criminal violence: Comparing the processes of understanding and responding

Heilbrun, Kirk; Wolbransky, Melinda; Shah, Sanjay; Kelly, Barbara A.

doi:10.1002/bsl.940

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Evidence from a hypothetical scenario study showed that participants appraised different types of disasters (crime, natural disaster, terrorist attack) as similar in risk, but they differed in the intentions to take protective actions. For example, in a natural disaster scenario participants were more likely to state they would change their daily activities than in a crime scenario (Heilbrun et al 2010). The cognitive appraisal of a given situation as dangerous may influence the readiness to engage and the choice of protective actions.…”

Section: What Is Rp? Defining Rp During Fire Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception in fire evacuation behavior revisited: definitions, related concepts, and empirical evidence

et al. 2015

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Risk perception (RP) is studied in many research disciplines (e.g., safety engineering, psychology, and sociology). Definitions of RP can be broadly divided into expectancy-value and risk-as-feeling approaches. In the present review, RP is seen as the personalization of the risk related to a current event, such as an ongoing fire emergency; it is influenced by emotions and prone to cognitive biases. We differentiate RP from other related concepts (e.g., situation awareness) and introduce theoretical frameworks relevant to RP in fire evacuation (e.g., Protective Action Decision Model and Heuristic-Systematic approaches). Furthermore, we review studies on RP during evacuation with a focus on the World Trade Center evacuation on September 11, 2001 and present factors modulating RP as well as the relation between perceived risk and protective actions. We summarize the factors that influence perception risk and discuss the direction of these relationships (i.e., positive or negative influence, or inconsequential) and conclude with presenting limitations of this review and an outlook on future research.

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Section: What Is Rp? Defining Rp During Fire Evacuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk perception in fire evacuation behavior revisited: definitions, related concepts, and empirical evidence

et al. 2015

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“…This work has been extended to communicating the risks of climate change, perceptions of which are influenced by individual differences in scientific knowledge, the ability to understand numeric information, and sociopolitical group identification (e.g., Hart, ; Kahan et al ., ). Natural disaster risk communication also has a well‐developed literature, although there is little yet known about how best to communicate the risk of case‐specific events (e.g., Heilbrun, Wolbransky, Shah, & Kelly, ) which would be relevant to offender‐specific risk communication. Heilbrun et al .…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Non‐forensic Risk Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heilbrun et al . () directly compared responses to the communication of risks concerning natural disasters, terrorism, and violent offending, and concluded that the salience and potency of natural disaster risks were qualitatively different from the other scenarios. In the remainder of this section, therefore, we focus on lessons learned from medical risk communication, including attempts to influence patient decision‐making.…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Non‐forensic Risk Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monahan and Steadman () urged the forensic field to learn from meteorology, and we add that research in medicine also has much to offer our understanding of risk communication in forensic contexts. Despite differences in the nature of the risks and the information required to manage them (e.g., Heilbrun et al ., ; Schopp, ), general findings, such as the effects of framing, may be relevant to all contexts. Our review of the existing literature on the communication of violent and offending behavior, together with the articles in this special issue, identifies some consistent findings and successful practices.…”

Section: Introduction To This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Communicating the Risk of Violent and Offending Behavior: Review and Introduction to this Special Issue

Hilton

Scurich

Helmus³

2015

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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How to communicate risk of recidivism in correctional and forensic contexts has been a subject of scholarly discussion for two decades. This emerging literature, however, is sparse compared with studies on the assessment of risk for violent and offending behavior. In this special issue of Behavioral Sciences and the Law, we have gathered together empirical and review papers exemplifying promising directions and methodologies. We begin with a review of the state of the field, and lessons that can be drawn from research into medical risk assessment and risk communication, finding that many of the same principles apply to the forensic context. How risks are framed, and how numerate assessors are, affects how risk information is understood and applied. We discuss the existing research bearing on these issues, as well as the conceptual, practical, empirical, and legal implications of communicating risk using numerical or categorical risk terms. Along with the seven articles in this volume, we suggest directions for future research on measuring and communicating change, understanding and managing the statistical literacy of those who use and communicate risk assessments, and developing a theoretical framework for forensic risk communication research. We hope this volume will help integrate and invigorate research into forensic risk communication.

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“…Evidence from a hypothetical scenario study showed that participants appraised different types of disasters (crime, natural disaster, terrorist attack) as similar in risk, but they differed in the intentions to take protective actions. For example, in a natural disaster scenario participants were 10 more likely to state they would change their daily activities than in a crime scenario [72]. The cognitive appraisal of a given situation as dangerous may influence evacuation motivation.…”

Section: Transactional Stress Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Risk Perception in Building Fire Evacuation

Kinateder¹,

Kuligowski²,

Reneke³

et al. 2014

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Risk perception (RP) is studied in many research disciplines (e.g., safety engineering, psychology, and sociology), and the context in which RP is studied varies greatly. Definitions of RP can be broadly divided into expectancy-value and risk-as-feeling approaches. RP is seen as the personalization of the risk related to a current event, such as an ongoing fire emergency, and is influenced by emotions and prone to cognitive biases. The present article is a literature review that differentiates RP from other related concepts (e.g., situation awareness) and introduces theoretical frameworks (e.g., Protective Action Decision Model and Heuristic-Systematic approaches) relevant to RP in fire evacuation as distinct from other related fields of research Furthermore, this paper reviews studies on RP during evacuation, especially on the World Trade Center evacuation on September 11, 2001. It discusses factors modulating RP, as well as the relation between RP and protective actions. This paper concludes with a summary of the factors that influence risk perception and the direction of these relationships (i.e., positive or negative influence, or inconsequential), the limitations of this review, and an outlook on future research.

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Risk communication of terrorist acts, natural disasters, and criminal violence: Comparing the processes of understanding and responding

Cited by 25 publications

References 55 publications

Risk perception in fire evacuation behavior revisited: definitions, related concepts, and empirical evidence

Risk perception in fire evacuation behavior revisited: definitions, related concepts, and empirical evidence

Communicating the Risk of Violent and Offending Behavior: Review and Introduction to this Special Issue

A Review of Risk Perception in Building Fire Evacuation

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