Risk Factor Profiles of South Asians with Cerebrovascular Disease

Abstract

South Asians in an urban slum often have multiple modifiable risk factors for cerebrovascular event, increasing numbers of risk factors increase the risk of stroke and TIA.

Hemodynamic Significance of Internal Carotid or Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis Detected on Magnetic Resonance Angiography

“…Therefore, it is speculated that clinical factors exhibited stronger prognostic power for the subsequent stroke in this study. Our results are in line with previous reports in which obesity, smoking, 32 end-stage renal disease, 33 and cerebral aneurysm 34 are significant risk factors for stroke. However, hypertension exhibited an opposite result, which may result from our classification for hypertension.…”

Cerebrovascular disease in South Asia – Part II: Risk factors and prevention

“…In a recent cross-sectional survey in an urban slum, 15 the odds of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) with a single risk factor ranged from 1.59 for diabetes to 2.23 for history of myocardial infarction. The range of odds for CVE with two risk factors was between 1.83 (hypertension and diabetes) and 2.37 (diabetes and obesity).…”

“…While major established cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus are also prevalent in South Asia, 15 a number of dietary habits like consumption of desi dalda and ghee as well as other forms of tobacco like hukkah, gutka and paan have not been studied. 28 Among emerging risk factors studied, South Asians have higher concentration of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).…”

omocysteine as an Independent Risk Factor for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke in South Indian Population in Rural Tertiary Care Centre

“…Stroke is defined as sudden occurrence of clinical symptoms and or signs of either focal or global loss of cerebral function with the duration of more than 24 hours or leading to mortality with no other reason than vascular origin 1. The global burden of disease (GBD) study, in 1990, reported 9.4 million deaths in India of which 61900 were from stroke and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost to 28.5 million. Recent epidemiological surveys for cerebrovascular diseases like hemiplegia or paraplegia, showed 320 cases in 145456 persons indicating an overall crude prevalence rate of 220per 100000 persons 2 .The broad classification of strokes, primarily in to ischemic (85%) and hemorrhagic (15%) 3 , of ischemic strokes commonest etiologies include atherosclerosis with thromboembolism and cardiogenic thromboembolism. The modifiable personal or social risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cigarette smoking triggers proportional incidence of cerebrovascular events, like stroke and TIA 3 .…”

“…Recent epidemiological surveys for cerebrovascular diseases like hemiplegia or paraplegia, showed 320 cases in 145456 persons indicating an overall crude prevalence rate of 220per 100000 persons 2 .The broad classification of strokes, primarily in to ischemic (85%) and hemorrhagic (15%) 3 , of ischemic strokes commonest etiologies include atherosclerosis with thromboembolism and cardiogenic thromboembolism. The modifiable personal or social risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cigarette smoking triggers proportional incidence of cerebrovascular events, like stroke and TIA 3 . The modifiable biochemical risk factors like abnormal lipid metabolism 4 , hypercholesterolemia, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] 5 , hyperhomocysteinemia 6 for increased incidence of atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease.…”