Risk Factors and Complications in Premature and Low Birth Weight Newborns

Abstract

General objective: To develop a literature review that allows the analysis of risk factors and complications in preterm and low birth weight infants. Method: The literature review took as a reference the Scielo database, which largely had articles published with thematic axes related to the topic under analysis, and other databases and journals that met the index of relationship with the topic under review were also taken. Although they were to a lesser extent, they were included in the review. Result: In the review and analysis of the studies, it was found that prematurity and low birth weight increase vulnerability to various complications, mainly the immaturity of the organs and systems of the body is a key factor. The lungs, central nervous system, and other organs may not have fully developed, increasing the risk of breathing problems, infections, and difficulties in thermal regulation. Lack of time in the womb can also affect the development of the immune system, leaving them more susceptible to disease. Conclusion: Preterm and low birth weight newborns face a number of challenges that require comprehensive, specialized care. Understanding these risk factors and complications is essential to providing the necessary care and improving the prospects of these little fighters from the beginning of their lives.