Risk Factors and Diabetes Related Complications Frequency in the Population of the Northeastern Morocco

Abstract

Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21 st century that brings a considerable economic burden on worldwide healthcare resources. Indeed, people with diabetes have a higher lifetime healthcare expenditure due to the long-term complications, which include micro and macrovascular complications. This study sought to estimate the frequency of diabetes complications, and to investigate the associated risk factors. Methodology: Data were obtained from the medical records of 2401 diabetic patients followed at the Reference Center of Diabetes and Chronic Diseases (RCD) in Oujda (Morocco) during the period 2006-2011. Results: Our sample of 2401 diabetic patients include 64.7% women. 32% of patients have one or more complications; retinopathy is the most frequent complication (16.8%), followed by nephropathy (12.4%), cardiovascular diseases (5.4%), neuropathy (3.6%) and diabetes foot (2%). Logistic regression in univariate followed by multivariate analysis has showed that age, duration of diabetes and high albuminuria are the major risk factors for the development of diabetic complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: Nearly one third of diabetic patients were affected by at least one diabetic complication; retinopathy is the most common complication in these patients. Strengthening programs to improve diabetes management and to reduce the risk of these complications should be a high priority in order to control the cost of treatment.

Microvascular and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in a multi-ethnic population based in Amsterdam. The HELIUS study

“…Our findings are consistent with previous reports in the UK [29,30] and in Sweden [6]. An explanation for the higher CHD rate in South-Asians in the UK study was the high rate of abdominal fat and high susceptibility to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia [27]. However, after adjusting for Hb1Ac and BMI, the difference persisted, suggesting that other factors may play a role.…”

“…In Turkish individuals, the higher rate of nephropathy observed in this study was abolished after adjusting for SES. This suggests that poor access to healthcare and difficulties in understanding and navigating through the healthcare system that is associated with low SES might be influencing the diagnosis and subsequently leading to high rates of renal microvascular complications in Turkish individuals [27,28]. Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); for continuous variables, as mean (±standard deviation).…”

“…Since in this study, adjusting for conventional risk factors could not explain the ethnic differences in rates of CHD in all ethnic minorities, another possible explanation could be a late presentation of diabetes and/or poor access to health care in ethnic minorities. In the Netherlands standard health insurance is compulsory, but ethnic minorities might encounter barriers in access to the health care system, such as language barriers, low health literacy, difficulties in navigating the health system, and possible discrimination [27,28]. Ethnic minority populations are also known to have a considerably earlier diabetes onset than the native population [8], thereby increasing the likelihood of development of diabetes-related vascular complications including CHD [31].…”

Study of variation glycated haemoglobin in diabetic patients using PCA method. Case study: Moroccan eastern region

“…It continues to be an enormous public health problem in all over the world, both industrialised and developing. It is a metabolic disease caused by dysfunctional blood sugar regulation [ 1 , 2 ].In Morocco, a country in full evolution and which presents an economic and demographic boom. Diabetes is a public health threat and a problem that physicians face in their practice [ 2 ].…”

Perceived Barriers, Benefits, Facilitators, and Attitudes of Health Professionals Towards Type 2 Diabetes Management in Oujda, Morocco: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

“…Physical inactivity and unhealthy dietary habits have contributed to a high prevalence of T2D, up to 10.6 % among adults Moroccans between 2017 to 2018 [4]. In Oujda, Eastern Morocco the prevalence of T2D is 10.2% [5] and the current trend is alarming, especially for women [6].…”