Risk Factors and Outcomes of Hyperglycemia in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Prospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) babies frequently have hyperglycemia, which is linked to greater mortality as well as morbidity. The threshold intervention and management protocols are controversial. Objectives: To define the incidence of neonatal hyperglycemia, associated risk factors, and the outcome in LBW infants in tertiary

Neonatal hyperglycaemia in extremely preterm and extremely low birth weight infants: A report of a rare case and a review of the literature

“…In such cases, adequate fluid therapy and frequent glucose monitoring (every 1-2 h) are necessary (12). Recent studies have shown the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in regulating glucose levels and reducing the risk of both high and low blood sugar in preterm infants (5,14). In the case in the present study, CGM was commenced after a hyperglycaemic episode that reached 451 mg/dl and peaked at 465 mg/dl.…”

“…Case reports on neonatal hyperglycaemia are limited, particularly from Indonesia. The present study found six international case reports that are summarised in Table II (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) and Table III (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). No definitive guidelines for neonatal hyperglycaemia have been established to date, at least to the best of our knowledge (10).…”

“…The lack of a universally accepted definition and blood glucose threshold makes it difficult to determine the prevalence of neonatal hyperglycaemia. However, recent studies conducted over the past 5 years have estimated the incidence to range from 6 to 69% (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Neonatal hyperglycaemia is associated with negative consequences in extremely preterm and VLBW/ELBW neonates, including sepsis, intracranial haemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), the requirement for ventilator support, growth retardation and increased mortality rates (9,10).…”

“…A number of previous studies on neonatal hyperglycaemia have been published in Western countries (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The majority of the literature on this topic can be found in books rather than clinical articles (21).…”

“…The absence of standardised protocols and treatment algorithms emphasises the need for comprehensive research to develop evidence-based guidelines, potentially starting with published case reports. Moreover, neonatal hyperglycaemia is challenging to treat, with numerous reports indicating poor outcomes associated with this condition (4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”