Risk factors and postoperative complications in oncologic surgeries

Abstract

Introduction: Oncological patients who are submitted to surgical procedures might have postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Thus, preoperative physical conditions must be considered, since it is an important predictor of postoperative development. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications that might compromise the recovery after oncologic surgery. Method: The present observational transversal study was made between March and October of 2015. Patients diagnosed with cancer were analyzed to determine pulmonary and functional condition and to identify the risk factors for the development of PPCs. The post-surgery recovery was followed through medical records. Data collected from patients’ analyses was correlated with post-surgery development. Results: Thirty patients were analyzed. A negative and moderate correlation was found between maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and PPCs (r=-0.39; p=0.032). A positive correlation between the time of permanence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospitalization days (r=0.40; p=0.02) was observed. Correlations between PPCs and mechanical ventilation (r=0.36; p=0.04) and hospitalization days (r=0.40; p=0.02) were also noticed in the present study. Conclusion: PPCs might prejudice post-surgery outcome. The greater are physical condition and pulmonary functions of the patients before surgery, the better is their recovery.

The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Lung Cancer After Surgery: A Systematic Review

“…As noted earlier, understanding the effect of P-IMT on inspiratory muscles is important because of the negative correlation previously observed between MIP and PPCs. 40 With similar intensity and frequency, the short-term effect of P-IMT on MIP was contradictory. Two studies reported a significant short-term reduction in postoperative MIP prior to recovering to the preoperative state without significant difference between the 2 groups.…”

Impacto Clínico da Fisioterapia Pré-Operatória nas Complicações Pulmonares Pós-Operatórias de Pacientes Oncológicos

“…Segundo Abreu et al 7 , quando comparadas a FMR e a função pulmonar pré-operatórias com os resultados do pós-operatório, foi encontrado que, na FMR, tanto a PImáx quanto a PEmáx apresentaram redução no pós--operatório. Santos et al 4 encontraram uma correlação negativa entre a PImáx e as CPPO.…”

“…Apesar de as cirurgias apresentarem altas taxas de cura, suas complicações como infecções, lesões de pele, deiscência de sutura, alterações musculoesqueléticas e vasculares, além de complicações cardíacas e pulmonares, estão presentes no pós-operatório 4 . Neste contexto, para um tratamento oncológico maximizado e bem-sucedido, é primordial uma cirurgia livre de complicações, ademais, identificar fatores de risco que predisponham a esse desfecho pode auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção 5 .…”

“…Já a fraqueza da musculatura respiratória e as disfunções diafragmáticas prévias à intervenção cirúrgica podem relacionar-se com as complicações pulmonares, causando uma redução da expectoração e das funções respiratórias no pós-operatório oncológico 7 . Relacionam--se os anestésicos como causadores da hipoventilação, insuficiência da tosse (por causa da dor), imobilidade e comprometimento do sistema nervoso central e como possíveis desencadeadores de complicações pulmonares pós-operatórias (CPPO) 4 .…”

Applications of Nanotechnology in Oncological Treatment: A Narrative Review

“…Among the possible postoperative complications, the main ones are: infection, skin lesions, injuries to the surgical incision, musculoskeletal and vascular alterations, and cardiac and pulmonary complications. In addition, there are some complications that can be caused due to the use of anesthesia to perform the procedure, among them are hypoventilation, immobility and impairment of the central nervous system (SANTOS, et al, 2020).…”